The Vulcanian expedition was an unspecified Starfleet mission conducted during the mid-23rd century. James T. Kirk served on the expedition, along with Timothy. (TOS: "Court Martial")
As Vulcanian was used as an alternative term for a Vulcan, it is probable this had something to do with the Vulcans, or their planet.The date of the expedition can be narrowed down to a some time between Kirk's graduation in
2254 and
2267, since Kirk mentioned having last seen Timothy then, but having not seen others since his Academy graduation.