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Memory Alpha

There have been two Federation starships to bear the name USS Endeavour.

Named for the HMS Endeavour, specifically, the HM Bark Endeavour commanded by Lieutenant James Cook in his voyage of exploration in the Pacific from 1768–1771, and the NASA space shuttle Endeavour.

USS Endeavour (NCC-1895)

The first Starship Endeavour was in service in the late 23rd century.

The Endeavour was among the starships that would have been assembled for the abandoned assault code-named Operation: Retrieve, which would have rescued Captain James Kirk and Doctor Leonard McCoy from Qo'noS in 2293. (Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country)

The icon representing the Endeavour 's on the barely-visible chart in the Federation President's office was a Constitution-class starship, according to Michael Okuda, and is listed as such in the Star Trek Encyclopedia. However, all ships on that chart save the USS Excelsior had the same icon, so it's very unlikely that the Endeavour's class can be determined.

USS Endeavour (NCC-71805)

The second Starship Endeavour was a Nebula-class starship that served in the late 24th century.

In 2368 the Endeavour was assigned to the Starfleet blockade force at the Klingon-Romulan border during the Klingon Civil War. (TNG: "Redemption, Part II") Later that year, the ship was assigned to a patrol circuit in the Cleon Sector. (TNG: "The Game")

Captain Amasov of the Endeavour was at some point involved in a conflict with the Borg sometime prior to 2371. After the battle, Amasov reflected, "...It is my opinion that the Borg are as close to pure Evil as any race we've ever encountered." (VOY: "Scorpion, Part I") In 2373, the Endeavour faced the Borg at the Battle of Sector 001. (Star Trek: First Contact)

Many fans (and the Star Trek Encyclopedia) speculate that the engagement referred to in VOY: "Scorpion, Part I" was the Battle of Wolf 359, and that the Endeavour was the sole ship to survive the assault intact. However, there is no direct evidence for this, aside from the fact that Janeway had to have been referring to an encounter that took place before Voyager was transported to the Delta Quadrant. In fact, it was never specified if Endeavour was part of the battle, since she was simply quoting Amasov's words, and did not note in what position or where he was when he faced the Borg.

Apocrypha

The non-canonical Star Fleet Technical Manual includes a Constitution class USS Endeavor, registry (NCC-1716), in service in the mid 23rd century.
The Pocket TOS novel "Errand of Vengeance: Killing Blow", features a USS Endeavour engaging Klingon forces at the Battle of Donatu V in 2242. This Endeavour was referred to as an Icarus class starship in "Errand of Fury: Seeds of Rage".
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