Synthococcus novae is the scientific name for a lethal bacillus strain that evolved sometime prior to the 2150s.

In the 2150s, a sample of this disease's pathogen was stored at Cold Station 12. (ENT: "Cold Station 12")

By 2269, Federation medicine had no cure for the disease but could immunize against it. Infected persons, who could be carriers of the disease without suffering its effects, were required to stay in environmentally-controlled areas to prevent its spread. (TOS: "The Way to Eden")