One of Deep Space 9's primary systems status report.
A status report is a type of report which provides an update regarding the current situation of an entity, usually a starship or space station during or after an event. Technological systems, including weapons and shields, propulsion, and sensors are routinely checked, as well as the entity's crew for casualites.
The phrase "report" is commonly used by Starfleet captains and commanders as an abbreviation for a status report request, typically when it is unclear what has actually happened. In a situation aboard the bridge, the bridge officers would each state the condition of the systems they are responsible for, and occasionally engineering, sickbay, astrometrics, and other departments would also give a report.
A status report on a specific system, action, or situation is typically requested with the phrase "status."
Examples of status report requests
Captain Jean-Luc Picard asked his bridge officers for a status report after the starship's second encounter with the Paxan energy field. (TNG: "Clues")
After Dukat and Kira Nerys captured a Klingon Bird-of-Prey, they found its computer logs included valuable status reports from several Klingon starships in the Cardassian Union. (DS9: "Return to Grace")
In late 2375, the Jem'Hadar attack ship commanded by Luaran (until she was killed by Elim Garak) was asked to submit a status report on their navigational array. (DS9: "Tacking Into the Wind")
In 2376, the Delta Flyer encountered a dark matter lifeform while Captain Kathryn Janeway was the lone person in the cockpit section and asked the crewmembers in the aft section for a report on their status. (VOY: "Good Shepherd")