A cortical analeptic was a type of drug administered via hypospray, used to reinvigorate tissue in the cerebral cortex.
In 2371, Julian Bashir gave Jadzia Dax several cortical analeptics after Dax was attacked by a Changeling aboard the USS Defiant. Dax suffered a concussion in the attack. (DS9: "The Adversary")
The Doctor had Kes prepare several doses of the drug while he prepared to perform motor cortex reconstruction surgery on Tom Paris in 2373. (VOY: "The Swarm")