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{{at|xx}}
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{{multiple}}
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{{Sidebar starship class|
 
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{{Sidebar starship class
|Name = ''Constitution''-class<br /><small>Original configuration</small>
 
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|name = ''Constitution'' class<br />{{small|AKA: ''Starship'' class<sup>[[#footnote 1|1]]</sup>}}
|image = USS Enterprise, The Cage (remastered) profile view.jpg
 
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|dt = ''Constitution'' class
|imagecap = The {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} in original configuration
 
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|tab1 = 2245-2254
|owner = {{Federation}}<br />[[Terran Empire]]
 
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|tab2 = 2254-2265
|operator = [[Starfleet]]<br />{{mu|Starfleet}}
 
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|tab3 = 2265-2270
|Type = [[heavy cruiser|Class I Heavy Cruiser]]
 
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|t1image = USS Enterprise, 2254 (remastered).jpg
|Active = [[2240s]] - [[2270s]]
 
|Length = 289 meters
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|t2image = USS Enterprise, 2259.jpg
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|t3image = USS Enterprise, 2266 (remastered).jpg
|Mass = almost one million gross tons
 
|Decks =
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|t1caption = The USS Enterprise in 2254
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|t2caption = The USS Enterprise in 2259
|Crew = 430
 
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|t3caption = The USS Enterprise in 2267
|Speed = [[Warp factor|Warp 6]] (maximum safe speed)<br />[[Warp factor|Warp 8]] (maximum speed)<br />[[Warp factor|Warp 9]] (attainable at extreme risk)<br />[[Warp factor|Warp 11]] (attainable with [[Kelvan]] engine modifications)<br /> [[Warp factor|Warp 14.1]] (attainable for a few minutes with engine overload)
 
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|owner = {{Federation}}
|Armament = [[phaser]] banks and [[photon torpedo]] launchers
 
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|t1owner = {{Federation}}<br />[[Terran Empire]]
|Defenses = [[Deflector shield]]s
 
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|operator = Federation [[Starfleet]]
|image2 = USS Enterprise (NCC-1701), remastered.jpg
 
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|t1operator = Federation [[Starfleet]]<br />[[Imperial Starfleet]]
|imagecap2 = The USS ''Enterprise'' in revised configuration
 
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|type = {{class|Starship}}<br />[[Class I heavy cruiser]]
|image3 = Constitution class schematics.jpg
 
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|t1active = [[2240s]]&ndash;mid [[2250s]]
|imagecap3 = ''Constitution''-class schematics
 
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|t2active = mid [[2250s]]&ndash;mid [[2260s]]
}}{{Sidebar starship class|
 
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|t3active = mid [[2260s]]&ndash;[[2270]]
|Name = ''Constitution''-class<br /><small>Refit configuration</small>
 
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|length = 288.6 [[meter]]s<sup>[[#footnote 2|2]]</sup>
|image = USS Enterprise-A quarter.jpg
 
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|t2length = 442 [[meter]]s<sup>[[#footnote 2|2]]</sup>
|imagecap = The {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701-A|-A}}, a refit ''Constitution'' class
 
|owner = {{Federation}}
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|beam = 127.1 meters
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|t2beam = 201 meters
|operator = [[Starfleet]]
 
|Type = Heavy cruiser
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|height = 72.6 meters
|Active = [[2270s]] - ?
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|t2height = 93 meters
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|mass = Nearly 1,000,000 [[gross ton]]s
|Length = 304 meters
 
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|t2mass = 190,000 [[metric ton]]nes (gross tonnage)
|Mass =
 
|Crew = 432
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|decks = 22
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|t1crew = 203
|Armament = 18 [[phaser]] emitters, 2 [[photon torpedo]] launchers
 
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|t2crew = 200 {{small|(2250s)}}<br />430 {{small|(2260s)}}
|Defenses = Deflector shields and [[defense field]]s
 
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|t3crew = 430
|Speed = Warp factor 8 (max. cruise speed)<br />Warp factor 9 (emergency speed)
 
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|speed = [[Warp factor|Warp 6]] {{small|(max. safe [[cruising speed]])}}<br />Warp 8 {{small|([[emergency speed]])}}
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|t1speed = [[Warp factor|Warp 7]]
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|armament = 6 [[phaser emitter]]s<br />2 fore [[torpedo launcher]]s<br />Aft torpedoes<br />[[Antimatter charge]]s
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|t2armament = [[Phaser array]]s<br />[[Fore]]/[[aft]] [[photon torpedo]]es
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|defenses = [[Deflector screen]]s <br /> [[deflector shield|Shields]]
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|t1image2 = USS Enterprise profile view, 2254-R.jpg
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|t1caption2 = The USS Enterprise in 2254
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|t2image2 = USS Enterprise port side, 2258.jpg
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|t2caption2 = The USS Enterprise in 2258
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|t3image2 = USS Enterprise, 2270.jpg
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|t3caption2 = The Enterprise in 2270
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|t3image3 = USS Enterprise inside space amoeba.jpg
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|t3caption3 = The Enterprise in 2267
 
}}
 
}}
{{alt disambiguation||''Constitution''-class (alternate reality)}}
 
   
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{{disambiguation link}}
The '''''Constitution''-class''' [[starship]]s, which were also known as '''Starship-class'''<sup>[[#Footnotes|1]]</sup> or '''Class I Heavy Cruisers''', were the premier front-line [[Starfleet]] vessels in the latter half of the [[23rd century]]. They were designed for long duration missions with minimal outside support and are best known for their celebrated missions of galactic exploration and diplomacy which typically lasted up to [[Five-year mission|five years]].
 
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The '''''Constitution''-class''' was a [[Federation]] {{class|Starship}}, [[Class I heavy cruiser]] that was utilized as the premier front line [[Starfleet]] [[starship|vessels]] during the mid-[[23rd century]].
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They were designed for long duration exploration and patrol missions with minimal outside support and were best known for their celebrated missions of galactic exploration and [[diplomacy]] and were capable of operating on [[five-year mission]] cycles, with an operating endurance of eighteen years. ({{s|TOS}}; {{s|TAS}}; {{s|SNW}}; {{DIS|Brother}} ''display graphic'')
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== Design ==
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During the mid-23rd century, at least twelve ''Constitution''-class starships were commissioned by Starfleet. ({{TOS|Tomorrow is Yesterday}}) Construction of these starships occurred at [[Earth]]'s [[San Francisco Fleet Yards]], [[California]], and [[Luna]]'s [[Tranquility Base]]. ({{TAS|The Counter-Clock Incident}}; {{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly}}; {{DIS|Brother}} ''display graphic'') Many of the same unit components for the ''Constitution''-class were also used in the construction of the related {{class|Sombra}}. ({{SNW|All Those Who Wander}})
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The ''Constitution''-class was generally designed for the roles of [[exploration]], [[patrol]], and [[defense]]. ({{TOS|The Cloud Minders}}) Within [[Federation space]], these vessels were viewed as having the role of protector within the [[civilian]] community. ({{TOS|Mudd's Women|The Conscience of the King|The Trouble with Tribbles}})
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One of the class' original [[designer]]s was [[Larry Marvick]], whose work included designing the controls for [[engineering]]. ({{TOS|Is There in Truth No Beauty?}}) [[Doctor]] [[Richard Daystrom]] was responsible for the basic design of the [[computer]]s used aboard this class. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer}}) By the [[2260s]], it was the assertion of [[Captain]] [[James T. Kirk]] of the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} that his [[chief engineer]], [[Lieutenant Commander]] [[Montgomery Scott]] "''knew everything about that ship there is to know. More than the men who designed it.''" ({{TOS|The Apple}}) Indeed, Scott even once [[bet]] Marvick himself that "''a [[bottle]] of [[scotch]] says you can't handle the controls you designed.''" ({{TOS|Is There in Truth No Beauty?}})
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In order to keep the class up to date and allow their missions of exploration to continue, the ''Constitution'' class had the ability to be outfitted with new technology, especially since the ships were sometimes on the front lines without support and needed to hold their own. ({{SNW|Strange New Worlds}}; {{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before|The Corbomite Maneuver}}; {{film|1}})
   
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
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=== Launch ===
The ''Constitution''-class lineage was launched some time prior to [[2245]], and served as [[Starfleet]]'s front-line vessels for the rest of the century. The ''Constitution''-class also served as a mighty deterrent to both the [[Klingon Empire]] and the [[Romulan Star Empire]], several times taking part in combat actions which determined the fate of the entire [[Federation]] if not the [[Alpha Quadrant]] itself. (''[[Star Trek Encyclopedia]]'')
 
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Future ''Enterprise'' captain, [[Robert April]], was present when the ship's unit components were built. ({{TAS|The Counter-Clock Incident}}) The ship itself was launched [[April|April 11]], [[2245]]. ({{DIS|Brother}} ''display graphic''; {{SNW|Strange New Worlds}} ''[[Enterprise dedication plaque]]'') In addition to the ''Enterprise'', the {{USS|Constellation|NCC-1017}} and the {{USS|Cayuga}} were also launched the same year. ({{PIC|The Star Gazer}} ''commemorative plaque'', {{SNW|Hegemony}} ''display graphic'')
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{{bginfo|During the conception of ''Star Trek'', the producer's original intent was that the "''Enterprise''-class [sic] starships have been in existence for about forty years," according to the reference book ''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'' (p. 203). Author [[Stephen Whitfield]], who had full access to production sources and staff (p. 12), wrote the book during the production of [[TOS Season 2|season two]] in 1967, narrowing the class launch window down to the mid-2220s, as the ''Original Series'' showrunners had placed their series exactly three-hundred years into the future from the production year of the underlying series season (p. 209).}}
   
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=== Early 2250s ===
In [[2267]], there were around twelve<sup>[[#Footnotes|2]]</sup> ''Constitution''-class starships in the fleet. ({{TOS|Tomorrow is Yesterday}}) These included the [[NCC-1700]], the {{USS|Constellation|NCC-1017}}, the {{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764}}, the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}}, the {{USS|Excalibur|NCC-1664}}, the {{USS|Exeter|NCC-1672}}, the {{USS|Hood|NCC-1703}}, the {{USS|Intrepid|NCC-1631}}, {{USS|Lexington|NCC-1709}}, and the {{USS|Potemkin|NCC-1657}}.
 
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During the early [[2250s]], the ''Constitution''-class starship, USS ''Enterprise'', made [[first contact]] with the [[Talosian]]s on [[Talos IV]]. This combined with her numerous other discoveries and achievements made her the Federation [[flagship]]. ({{TOS|The Cage}})
   
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By this point the ''Constitution''-class starships were considered Starfleet's premier vessels, as they were usually on the front lines patrolling [[Federation space]] and exploring uncharted areas just within the Federation's borders. ({{TOS|The Cage}}; {{DIS|Will You Take My Hand?}})
The most famous ''Constitution''-class starship was the USS ''Enterprise'' (NCC-1701), launched under the command of [[Captain]] [[Robert April]] in [[2245]]. The ''Enterprise'' gained its reputation during its historic five year mission ([[2265]]-[[2270]]) under the command of Captain [[James T. Kirk]]. ({{VOY|Q2}})
 
   
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Around the latter half of [[2254]], ''Constitution''-class vessels were outfitted with the latest technology. ({{TOS|The Cage}}; {{DIS|Will You Take My Hand?}}; {{SNW|Spock Amok}})
In [[2266]], on stardate 1709, the ''Enterprise'' was instrumental in preventing a war between the Federation and the [[Romulan Star Empire]]. When a [[Romulan Bird-of-Prey (23rd century)|Romulan Bird-of-Prey]] crossed the [[Romulan Neutral Zone]] and destroyed several [[Earth Outpost Station]]s, Captain Kirk barely managed to outwit the enemy commander and stop his vessel from returning to [[Romulus]] and reporting on the Federation's weakness. ({{TOS|Balance of Terror}})
 
   
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[[File:USS Discovery rendezvousing with USS Enterprise.jpg|thumb|left|''Enterprise'' rendezvous with the ''Discovery'', 2257]]
In late-[[2268]], ''Excalibur'', ''Hood'', ''Lexington'', and ''Potemkin'' took part in the disastrous testing of the [[M-5 computer]], which had been placed in control of the ''Enterprise''. The ''Excalibur'' was severely damaged, with all hands lost. The ''Lexington'' also was brutally assaulted by the M-5 computer when the unit became unstable. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer}}) Later that year, ''Defiant'' responded to a distress call from an unexplored sector of space, claimed by the [[Tholian Assembly]]. Shortly upon entering the region, the ''Defiant'' crew began experiencing sensory distortion, and insanity quickly spread throughout the ship. The ship's surgeon was unable to determine what was happening, and eventually the insanity induced by the phenomenon led the crew to kill each other.
 
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When the {{dis|Federation-Klingon War|2256-57}} started, ''Constitution''-class ships were kept off the front lines, as a unit of last resort. At the time, the {{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764}} was assigned to patrol [[Sector 006]], while the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} was ordered to continue its then five-year mission under Captain [[Christopher Pike]]. This order took a toll on their crews. During this time, with the ships out away on their five-year missions, it was rare to see a ''Constitution''-class ship at all. ({{DIS|Despite Yourself|Brother}})
   
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During the war, the ''Constitution'' class was not Starfleet's priority to keep refitted, as Starfleet was focusing on their warships to keep the [[Klingon]]s from taking [[Federation space]], such as the {{class|Crossfield}} and its [[spore drive]]. ({{DIS|Will You Take My Hand?|Through the Valley of Shadows}})
Three weeks later, [[Starfleet]] ordered the ''Enterprise'' to mount a search mission to locate the ''Defiant''. On stardate 5693.2, the ''Enterprise'' located her adrift, lost between universes in a space warp. As a result of a later [[phaser]] exchange between the ''Enterprise'' and several [[Tholian]] vessels, a hole was created through the spatial interphase, pushing the ''Defiant'' into the [[mirror universe]]. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}})
 
   
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Aboard the ''Enterprise'' at least, new colorful [[Starfleet uniform (late 2230s-2250s)#Type B|Starfleet uniforms]] were adopted before some other ships. They were seen in use shortly after the Federation-Klingon War. ({{DIS|Brother}})
[[File:USS Defiant in Tholian drydock, 2155.jpg|thumb|The ''Defiant'' in a Tholian drydock facility]]
 
Unknown to history in the "prime" universe, the ''Defiant'' emerged in the [[22nd century]] mirror universe, where the Tholians of that universe had created the interphase rift by detonating a [[tricobalt]] warhead within the gravity well of a dead [[star]]. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly}}) The ''Defiant'' would seemingly go on to play a major role in [[Hoshi Sato (mirror)|Empress Sato]]'s rule over the [[Earth]]. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}})
 
   
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=== Late 2250s and early 2260s ===
{{bginfo|It is unclear whether, following the events of {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}, Sato's bid to become Empress actually succeeded, or what the final disposition of the ''Defiant'' in that universe was, as the mirror universe of the 23rd century, as can be seen in {{TOS|Mirror, Mirror}}, exhibits no significant advances in technology nor any evidence of knowledge of the "real" universe.}}
 
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[[File:USS Enterprise, 2259.jpg|thumb|The USS ''Enterprise'', ''Constitution''-class, circa 2259]]
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''Constitution''-class starships (along with their ''Sombra''-class counterparts) had retrofitting in 2259, updating the main AI and transporters. ({{DIS|Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2}}; {{SNW|Strange New Worlds}})
   
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The ''Constitution''-class starship, the ''Enterprise'' was extensively refitted around 2265 in preparation for her first five-year mission under [[James T. Kirk]]. ({{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before|The Ultimate Computer}})
=== Physical arrangement ===
 
The ''Constitution''-class featured the [[saucer section]]-[[engineering section]]-[[warp nacelle]] layout common to most Starfleet vessels. All ships of the class of the same level of refit appeared to be identical at first glance, but closer inspection revealed minor detail differences on certain vessels. ({{TOS|The Cage|The Ultimate Computer}}; {{film|1}}; etc.)
 
   
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[[File:USS Enterprise leaving galactic barrier.jpg|thumb|left|The unique configuration of the ''Enterprise'' in 2265]]
[[File:Enterprise bridge 2265.jpg|thumb|left|USS ''Enterprise'' - bridge module in 2265]]{{bginfo|There were three different configurations of the original design. The first, used in the original pilot, featured a larger bridge dome and sensor/deflector dish, and spikes on the bussard collectors, among other minor differences. The second configuration, used in the second pilot (and throughout the rest of the series, due to footage being reused) was similar to the first version, with the addition of running lights, additional markings, and a grille pattern on the rear of each engine nacelle. The version used for the production of the regular series had a smaller bridge dome, a smaller sensor/deflector dish, and lighting effects in the Bussard collectors (which had their antenna spikes removed). The remastered edition of TOS replaced the anomalous stock shots in later episodes with the proper configuration.
 
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The USS ''Enterprise'' was the second known Federation ship to ever leave the galaxy, but sustained extensive damage in upon coming into contact with the [[galactic barrier]]. ({{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before}})
   
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=== Late 2260s ===
The redesigned Enterprise created for the motion pictures has a sleeker, more modern look compared to the original configuration in the TOS era. However it still maintains the original saucer section-engineering section-warp nacelle layout. The saucer section seems to reflect the design of the TOS-Movie Era design, especially with the exterior bridge design.}}
 
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[[File:USS New Jersey.png|thumb|The USS ''New Jersey'' appearing in the configuration as it appeared during the late 2260s]]
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Following the ''Enterprise''{{'}}s return to Federation space, the ship was repaired with new equipment that was later used on other ''Constitution''-class starships in 2266. ({{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before|The Corbomite Maneuver}})
   
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The year [[2267]], however, saw a gathering of the class when a large group was assembled at [[Starbase 11]] for refitting and repairs. ({{TOS|Court Martial}})
[[File:Constitution class forward.jpg|thumb|left|Forward view of the ''Constitution''-class [[primary hull]]]]
 
[[File:USS Enterprise, aft view.jpg|thumb|Aft view of [[secondary hull]]]]
 
[[File:USS Enterprise over Earth.jpg|thumb|In an atmosphere]]
 
Various science labs, numbering fourteen in all, ({{TOS|Operation -- Annihilate!}}) were located in the primary hull in the class' original configuration. An officer's lounge and dining area would be located in the aft superstructure beneath the bridge after the [[2270s]] refit. ({{film|1}}) There were at least seven [[turbolift]]s that serviced the primary and secondary hulls. ({{TOS|The Man Trap}}) The modular design of the ''Constitution''-class allowed for component separation in times of crisis. The primary and secondary hulls could separate where the connecting "neck" joined the saucer, allowing either section to serve as a lifeboat if the other was too badly damaged. If an emergency was confined to the [[nacelle|warp engine nacelles]], it was theoretically possible to disengage and jettison them while keeping the bulk of the vessel intact. Any hull separation was considered a dangerous procedure and not always an option.({{TOS|The Apple|The Savage Curtain}})
 
   
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The ''Constitution''-class continued their exploration missions at this time, and the Enterprise went on perhaps the greatest mission to date under the command of James T Kirk, discovering and making contact with many new species. ({{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before|The Corbomite Maneuver|Turnabout Intruder}}; {{TAS|Beyond the Farthest Star}})
Though not an aerodynamic craft, in emergencies, ''Constitution''-class vessels were able to break orbit and enter a [[Class M]] [[planet]]'s upper [[atmosphere]] (and maintain altitude control while passing through it) for a limited period of time, conditional on the ship's ability to re-achieve escape velocity. ({{TOS|Tomorrow is Yesterday}})
 
   
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Despite the successes of the class, exemplified by the performance of the ''Enterprise'', under Captain [[James T. Kirk]], the mission parameters for the ''Constitution''-class also meant that the vessels of the class operated under highly dangerous circumstances, resulting in a relatively high loss rate, and that being assigned to one was hazardous at best. Due to this, in the late 2260s, many ''Constitution''-class vessels were lost. In 2267 for example, the USS ''Constellation'' under the command of [[Commodore]] [[Matt Decker]] fell victim to what has become known as the "[[doomsday machine]]" when it was on a routine survey mission near system [[L-374]], and both the ship and crew were lost. ({{TOS|The Doomsday Machine}}) Likewise, and less than a year later in [[2268]], the [[Vulcan]]-manned USS ''Intrepid'' was lost with its entire crew in a fatal encounter with a huge [[space amoeba|simple cellular being]] in [[star system]] [[Gamma 7A system|Gamma 7A]] of [[Sector 39J]]. ({{TOS|The Immunity Syndrome}}) Later that year, the USS ''Exeter'' became infected with an unknown virus, a residue from [[Biological weapon|biological warfare]] which had raged on [[Omega IV]] and which the ship was orbiting, again killing her entire crew, save for its captain, [[Ronald Tracey]]. While undamaged, the contaminated ship was for the time being left adrift. ({{TOS|The Omega Glory}})
=== Refit history ===
 
[[File:Enterprise impulse drive 2265.jpg|thumb|USS ''Enterprise'' - impulse and warp drive in 2265]]
 
From [[2254]], or earlier, to [[2265]] ''Constitution''-class vessels featured a large [[deflector dish]], a large bridge dome of semi-spherical shape, and an antenna spike protruding from the [[Bussard collector]] cap on each warp [[nacelle]]. The [[impulse drive]] had two exhaust vents in 2254, and as many as eight smaller vents in 2265. ({{TOS|The Cage|Where No Man Has Gone Before}})
 
   
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In late-[[2268]], the starships ''Excalibur'', ''Hood'', ''Lexington'', and ''Potemkin'' all took part in the disastrous testing of the [[M-5 multitronic unit]], which had been placed in control of the ''Enterprise''. The ''Excalibur'' was severely damaged, with all hands lost. The ''Lexington'' also was brutally assaulted by the M-5 computer when the unit became unstable. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer}})
Sometime between 2265 and [[2266]], the old deflector dish was replaced by a significantly smaller model, the spikes on the Bussard collectors were removed, a smaller bridge dome of flatter curvature was installed, the aft caps on the warp nacelles were each equipped with a spherical attachment, and the impulse drive now had only two large exhausts. ({{TOS|The Corbomite Maneuver}})
 
   
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Later that year, the ''Defiant'' responded to a distress call from an unexplored sector of space, claimed by the [[Tholian Assembly]]. Shortly upon entering the region, the ''Defiant'' crew began experiencing sensory distortion, and insanity quickly spread throughout the ship. The ship's surgeon was unable to determine what was happening, and eventually, the insanity induced by the phenomenon led the crew to kill each other. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}})
{{bginfo|The changes to the impulse drive section may indicate that completely new impulse engines were installed. It is unclear whether the warp nacelles were merely modified or completely replaced.}}
 
   
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[[File:USS Defiant in Tholian drydock, 2155.jpg|thumb|left|The ''Defiant'' in a Tholian drydock facility]]
The interior passageways, main bridge interior and briefing room were already redesigned sometime between 2254 and 2265, and new [[intercom]]s were installed.
 
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Three weeks later, Starfleet ordered the ''Enterprise'' to mount a search mission to locate the ''Defiant''. On stardate 5693.2, the ''Enterprise'' located her adrift, lost between universes in a space warp. As a result of a later [[phaser]] exchange between the ''Enterprise'' and two {{dis|Tholian ship|23rd century}}s, a hole was created through the [[spatial interphase]], pushing the ''Defiant'' into the [[mirror universe]]. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}})
   
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=== 2270s refit ===
In 2266, the interior passageways were again modified, the briefing room was completely redesigned, and the overhauled main bridge featured an enlarged [[main viewscreen]] and upgrades to the [[control interface]]s and station arrangement, but the overall appearance of the bridge remained relatively unchanged as compared to 2265. ({{TOS|The Corbomite Maneuver}})
 
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In the early [[2270s]], the ''Constitution''-class underwent a massive refit and redesign which would later be known as the {{class|Constitution II}}. ({{film|1}}; {{PIC|The Bounty}})
   
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=== Mirror universe ===
The crew quarters of the 2254 configuration had the capability of carrying slightly more than 200 crewmembers. ({{TOS|The Cage}}) In the 2266 configuration, crew quarters could hold a crew complement of over 400. ({{TOS|Charlie X}})
 
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The ''Defiant'' emerged in the [[22nd century]] [[mirror universe]], where the Tholians of that universe had created the interphase rift by detonating a [[tricobalt]] warhead within the [[gravity well]] of a dead [[star]]. The ''Defiant'' was initially captured by the Tholians, but later taken over by the [[Terran Empire]] with control of the ship finally passing to {{mu|Hoshi Sato}}. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}})
   
[[File:Refit Constitution class forward.jpg|thumb|left|''Constitution''-refit configuration since 2270s, forward view]]
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[[File: USS Defiant Terran.jpg|thumb|The ''Defiant'' as modified by the Terran Empire]]
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In [[2256]] the {{USS|Discovery}} became inadvertently trapped in the mirror universe, where its crew discovered that the ''Defiant'' had in the meantime undergone substantial modifications while it had been in the service of the Terran Empire. ({{DIS|Despite Yourself}}) Upon her return to the prime universe however, their findings became part of all the intelligence pertaining to the USS ''Discovery'' that was sequestered by [[Starfleet Command]] as strictly classified after the ship had disappeared yet again in 2258. ({{DIS|Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2}}) It explained why the command crew of the USS ''Enterprise'' was not aware of ''Defiant''{{'}}s fate when it chanced upon her derelict hulk in 2268, shortly before she transited into the mirror universe, also unbeknownst to the ''Enterprise'' command crew at the time. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}})
[[File:USS Enterprise refit, aft.jpg|thumb|''Constitution''-refit configuration aft view]]
 
[[File:USS Enterprise-A refit, profile view.jpg|thumb|''Constitution''-refit configuration profile]]
 
In the late [[2260s]] to early [[2270s]], the ''Constitution''-class starships underwent their final major [[refit]] program. The actual refitting took eighteen months of work and essentially a new vessel was built onto the bones of the old, replacing virtually every major system. Thus, the ''Constitution''-class continued in service for a further twenty years.
 
   
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In 2267, the {{ISS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} was a ''Constitution''-class starship of the Imperial {{mu|Starfleet}} identical in configuration to the prime ''Enterprise'', as was discovered by ''her'' command crew when they too became inadvertently trapped on the mirror universe version of their ship. ({{TOS|Mirror, Mirror}}) They were unaware of the fact that she had been based off the USS ''Defiant'' whose transition into the mirror universe they would only witness the following year, although remaining unable to connect the dots.
Essential upgrades were made to the ''Constitution''-class' warp systems; the old cylindrical [[nacelle]]s were replaced with new angular ones and the warp nacelle struts were connected to the engineering hull much closer to the neck than before. The [[engineering hull]] roughly retained its original shape &ndash; while the original hull was essentially a conical cylinder, the refit was much more rounded.
 
   
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== Legacy ==
The [[deflector]] dish was upgraded, doing away with the "satellite" dish architecture. As for the interior of the [[hull]], the most obvious upgrades were the enlargement of the [[shuttle deck]] and [[landing bay]], as well as the addition of a horizontal [[matter-antimatter reaction assembly]] and a vertical [[intermix chamber]].
 
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By [[2401]], the original ''Constitution''-class had been completely phased out, though a few remained as training vessels. At least one ''Constitution''-class starship retaining its original design, the {{USS|New Jersey}}, was preserved in the [[Fleet Museum]] in its late 2260s configuration. ({{TNG|Relics}}; {{PIC|The Bounty}})
   
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== Technical data ==
New also was the installment of the double [[photon torpedo]] launcher with its rectangular housing in the neck of the vessel. Also, the phaser configuration was changed to channel energy though the warp core. Furthermore, the [[saucer section]] was considerably extended (almost 20 meters), while the rest of the surface remained about the same.
 
  +
=== Physical arrangement ===
  +
[[File:Constitution class schematics profile.jpg|thumb|Profile schematic: [[bridge]], [[shuttlecraft hangar]], [[secondary hull]], [[main sensor]], [[sensor array]] t[op]/b[ottom] ]]
  +
[[File:Constitution class schematics, NCC-1700.jpg|thumb|Dorsal schematic: [[phaser bank]] [[port|p]]/[[starboard|s]], [[impulse power]], [[space/warp propulsion unit|space/warp propulsion 2 units]], [[primary hull]] ]]
  +
The ''Constitution''-class featured the [[saucer section]]-[[engineering section]]-[[warp nacelle]] layout common to most Starfleet vessels. All ship configurations of the class of the appeared to be identical at first glance, but closer inspection revealed minor detail differences on certain vessels. ({{TOS|The Cage|The Ultimate Computer}}; etc.)
   
  +
Various science labs, numbering fourteen in all, ({{TOS|Operation -- Annihilate!}}) were located in the primary hull in the class' configuration in the 2260s. There were at least seven [[turbolift]]s that serviced the primary and secondary hulls. ({{TOS|The Man Trap}}) The ''Constitution''-class had at least two [[briefing room]]s, one of which was located on Deck 14. ({{TOS|Mudd's Women}})
Major changes were made to the interior of the ''Constitution''-class starships; many new systems were added and existing ones upgraded. Summarizing, only the internal structure of the saucer and very little of the engineering hull and neck may have survived the 2270s refit. ({{film|1}})
 
   
  +
The modular design of the ''Constitution''-class allowed for component separation in times of crisis. If an emergency was confined to the [[nacelle|warp engine nacelles]], it was theoretically possible to disengage and jettison the secondary hull while keeping the bulk of the vessel's main section intact. Any hull separation was considered a dangerous procedure and not always an option. ({{TOS|The Apple|The Savage Curtain}})
[[:File:Constitution class variant model.jpg|Some refit configurations]] had the warp nacelles rotated 90 degrees and included additional hatches along both sides of the saucer. ({{TNG|Booby Trap}})
 
   
  +
Though not an aerodynamic craft, in emergencies, ''Constitution''-class vessels were able to break orbit and enter a [[class M]] [[planet]]'s upper [[atmosphere]] (and maintain altitude control while passing through it) for a limited period of time, conditional on the ship's ability to re-achieve escape velocity. ({{TOS|Tomorrow is Yesterday}}; {{SNW|Strange New Worlds}})
=== Command and control systems ===
 
[[File:Constitution class bridge 2250s.jpg|thumb|right|Main bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' ([[2254]])]]
 
The ''Constitution''-class's primary command center, the main bridge, was located on top of the vessel's primary hull, on Deck 1. From here, the [[commanding officer]] supervised the entire starship's operation.
 
   
  +
=== Propulsion systems ===
The [[command chair]] was located in the recessed area at the center of the room, in a direct line with the main viewer. This position was equidistant from all the control consoles that operated specific areas of the ship. Consequently, the [[captain]] could be immediately updated on the condition of the vessel or its crew during missions, and orders could be given clearly with a minimum of effort. The chair was mounted on a circular pillar, attached to a rectangular footplate that was directly anchored to the deck, giving it considerable support during an attack. It was designed to swivel on the support so that the captain could turn to any member of the bridge crew.
 
  +
==== Warp engines ====
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise at warp.jpg|thumb|The ''Enterprise'' at warp]]
  +
The ''Constitution''-class of starship were [[lithium]], and later [[dilithium]] {{dis|power|physics}}ed [[warp engine]]s that fueled a [[matter]]/[[antimatter]] [[propulsion system]] over its service lifetime. ({{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before|Mudd's Women}}; {{DIS|Brother}} ''display graphic'') Altogether this allowed the class to spec a maximum safe [[cruising speed]] of [[Warp factor|warp 6]] (or 384[[speed of light|c]]) and an [[emergency speed]] of warp 8 (or 512c). ({{TOS|Amok Time|Obsession}}; {{TAS|One of Our Planets Is Missing}}; {{DIS|Brother}} ''display graphic'')
   
  +
{{dthumb|Constitution class warp nacelle interior.jpg|Constitution class warp nacelle interior.png|The inside length of antimatter nacelle|The inside width of [[antimatter nacelle]]|left}}
[[File:Constitution class bridge (2267).jpg|thumb|left|Main bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' ([[2267]])]]
 
  +
During the mid-2250s the ship was more than capable of operating nominally at [[warp factor|warp 7]]. ({{TOS|The Cage}})
[[File:USS Defiant (NCC-1764) bridge.jpg|thumb|Main bridge of the USS ''Defiant'' ([[2268]])]]
 
Piloting and navigation functions were carried out at the [[helm]] console, located in the center of the room, positioned in front of the command chair. This panel consisted of three main sections.
 
   
  +
The ''Enterprise'' infrequently exceeded warp 8; Chief Engineer Scott once confirmed, when asked if the ship could be capable of warp 8, that he could, and offered "''maybe a wee bit more,''" even offering to, "''sit on the warp engines myself and nurse them,''" if needed. ({{TOS|That Which Survives}}) While the ''Enterprise'' had once engaged at warp 9 to escape the [[Romulan Neutral Zone]] ({{TOS|The Enterprise Incident}}), doing so was highly discouraged because it was an unsafe velocity, as was noted following when the ship was taken over by the [[Beta XII-A entity]]. ({{TOS|Day of the Dove}})
On the left was a compartment which opened automatically to permit operation of the targeting scanner. Next to this was the main control panel, which operated maneuvering [[thruster]]s, [[impulse]] engines, and fired the ship's weapons. Directly below this panel was a row of eight flip-switches provided to set warp flight speeds.
 
   
  +
With further modifications or influences, the ''Enterprise'' managed to even push beyond warp 9 on more than one occasion, once following modifications made by [[Lokai]], it exceeded warp 10, and again achieved warp 10 when it was drawn into the [[creation point]]. ({{TOS|Let That Be Your Last Battlefield}}; {{TAS|The Magicks of Megas-Tu}})
The central section of the conn panel was fitted with a number of sensor monitor lights, and was dominated by two main features: the alert indicator and the [[astrogator]], which was used for long-range course plotting. The [[navigation console|navigator's station]] had a control panel for entering course and heading data and the flight path indicator, and supplied information on any deviations or course corrections in progress. It also had controls for the weapons systems.
 
[[File:Constitution class bridge console.jpg|thumb|A [[duotronic]]-based [[control interface]]]]
 
Other stations on the bridge were provided for [[communications]], [[engineering]], weapons control, gravity control, [[damage control]], environmental engineering, [[Science station|science]] and [[library computer]], and internal security. All stations were normally manned at all times.
 
   
  +
The ''Enterprise'' was also twice modified to achieve a speed of warp 11. The first time was when the probe ''[[Nomad]]'' increased the ship's engine efficiency by 57% in [[2267]] and allowed the ship to reach warp 11, but Kirk persuaded ''Nomad'' to reverse its "repairs" because the ship's structure could not stand the stress of that much power, and it would eventually destroy the ship. ({{TOS|The Changeling}}) The second time followed when more extensive modifications were made to the ship by the [[Kelvan]]s in [[2268]], who were able to produce velocities that were far beyond the reach of Federation science, allowing the ''Enterprise'' to safely maintain a cruising speed of warp 11 while traveling through the intergalactic void. ({{TOS|By Any Other Name}})
Mounted into the room's forward bulkhead was the main [[viewscreen]]. Visual sensor pickups located at various points on the ''Constitution''-class' outer hull were capable of image magnification and allowed a varied choice of viewing angles.
 
   
  +
The maximum warp speed recorded for this class by itself was warp 14.1, achieved by the ''Enterprise'' due to sabotage to the vessel's [[warp drive]] system. While the ship itself was not structured to take that speed for any length of time, the ''Enterprise'' was able to maintain that velocity for nearly fifteen minutes. ({{TOS|That Which Survives}})
The computer systems aboard the ''Constitution''-class starship were [[duotronic]] based. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer}}; {{DS9|Trials and Tribble-ations}})
 
   
  +
The ''Enterprise'' artificially maintained stability at warp 22 while tractored to a ship going warp 32. ({{TAS|The Counter-Clock Incident}})
==== Upgrades ====
 
Only one [[turbolift]] serviced the bridge of the original configuration ''Constitution''-class ship. In the late [[2260s]], some were refit with a second lift on the port forward section of the bridge. ({{TAS|Beyond the Farthest Star}}) After the major refit in the early 2270s, the bridge aboard ''Constitution''-class vessels would continue to utilize two turbolifts, but both would be located behind the command chair. ({{film|1}})
 
   
  +
If the reserves for the [[antimatter engine]] ever dropped of the [[indicator]] below two [[anti-kilo]]s, the engines would no longer [[regenerate]]. ({{TAS|One of Our Planets Is Missing}})
[[File:Enterprise bridge wide, TAS.jpg|thumb|left|Main bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' ([[2269]])]]
 
{{bginfo|The ''[[Star Fleet Technical Manual]]'', states that the original bridge was rotated 36&deg; port, which would have the turbolift shaft travel down the center-line of the saucer section. The ''Technical Manual'' gives no reason for this offset. With artificial gravity limiting any sense of momentum and electronic displays instead of windows, there may have been no reason for the bridge crew to face directly forward.|According to production designer Matt Jefferies, dramatic necessity required the turbolift to be moved from its planned center-line position (as seen on the ''Enterprise'' model). This offset placement allowed characters to walk onto the bridge and enter scenes without being blocked by actors sitting in the command chair.}}
 
   
  +
===== Bussard collectors =====
[[File:Constitution class refit bridge 1.jpg|thumb|Refit configuration bridge ([[2270s]])]]
 
  +
[[File: Enterprise and Constellation bussard collectors.jpg|thumb|Bussard collectors]]
The bridge of the ''Constitution''-class starships were subject to many minor and major cosmetic changes over their many years of service. In particular, the main bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' seems to have undergone considerable changes in appearance. In the late [[2260s]], along with the added turbolift, the bridge design changed from a segmented flat-panel peripheral station configuration to a completely circular design, including curved overhead view screens, and railings and steps which matched the arc of the circumference. At the same time, an [[automatic bridge defense system]] was also installed that obscured the translucent overhead dome, which would not return until the [[Galaxy class#Main_bridge|Galaxy class bridge]]. ({{TAS|Beyond the Farthest Star}}) This marked the beginning of major changes to come which would utilize the updated substructure, most notably, its systems were fully upgraded along with the refit of the early 2270s. ({{film|1}})
 
  +
[[File:Constitution class Bussard collecting deuterium.jpg|thumb|Bussard collector collecting deuterium]]
  +
The ''Constitution''-class was equipped with [[Bussard collector]]s at the front of the [[Nacelle|warp nacelles]]. The primary purpose of bussard collectors was that they could be used to collect interstellar hydrogen ([[deuterium]]) and other particles, however they could also be used to expel these gases as well. Bussard collectors were useful for when these ships passed through a hydrogen rich nebula, as it allowed them to pull in hydrogen which was the primary fuel source for the constitution class starship and their [[Warp core|warp cores]]. ({{TOS|The Cage|Where No Man Has Gone Before|The Corbomite Maneuver}}; {{DIS|Context Is for Kings|Will You Take My Hand?}}; {{SNW|Strange New Worlds|Lost in Translation}})
  +
{{clear}}
   
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==== Impulse engines ====
[[File:Constitution class refit bridge, 2293.jpg|thumb|Refit configuration bridge ([[2293]])]]
 
[[File:Constitution class refit bridge 2.jpg|thumb|left|Refit configuration bridge ([[2286]])]]
+
[[File:USS Enterprise maintaining impulse thrust.jpg|thumb|A close-up of the impulse drive assembly in 2266]]
  +
The main sub light drive on ''Constitution''-class starships was an [[impulse drive]], located at the back of the saucer/primary hull section of the ship and was where fusion exhaust propelled the ship.
The bridge underwent only a few minor modifications from that point until the destruction of the ship in [[2285]]. The bridge of the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701-A|-A}}, commissioned one year later (in [[2286]]), had mainly cosmetic differences at launch, but, by [[2287]], it had been drastically upgraded to reflect the advances made in computer control technology. The bridge module had again been replaced by [[2293]]. The lighter color scheme of the original ''Enterprise''-A bridges had made room for a darker, more militaristic look. ({{film|2}}; {{film|4}}; {{film|5}}; {{film|6}})
 
{{bginfo|The controls in the fifth movie were designed to reflect a change towards a more TNG control style, but in the sixth movie the controls went back to a more push button design. While this has not been addressed in the canon one might theorize that the controls were replaced for any variety of reasons.}}{{clear}}
 
   
  +
A fusion explosion equivalent to at least 97.835 [[megaton]]s would result if the impulse engines were overloaded in 2267. ({{TOS|The Doomsday Machine}})
=== Propulsion systems ===
 
[[File:USS Enterprise inside space amoeba.jpg|thumb|Aft view of an original configuration vessel]]
 
The ''Constitution''-class of starships has been fitted with both [[lithium]] and [[dilithium]] reactor circuits in the warp drive assembly over its service lifetime. The vessel's standard cruising speed was [[warp]] 6, while its maximum cruising speed was warp 8. Warp 9 was also possible for this class of starship, although it was highly discouraged because it was an unsafe velocity.
 
   
  +
=== Tactical systems ===
The {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} was twice modified to achieve a speed of warp 11. The probe ''[[Nomad]]'' increased the ship's engine efficiency by 57% in [[2267]], allowing the ship to reach warp 11, but Kirk persuaded ''Nomad'' to reverse its "repairs" because the ship's structure could not stand the stress of that much power, and would eventually destroy the ship. ({{TOS|The Changeling}})
 
  +
While the ''Constitution''-class was never meant as a [[warship]], the vessel was adequately well-armed for dealing with various threats. Exercising Federation defense policy and if need be, sustained conflict was built into them. Thus, they carried an array of weapons thus allowing them to hold their own against even [[D7 class|dedicated]] warships of its day. ({{TOS-R|Errand of Mercy}}, et al.)
   
  +
==== Directed beam batteries ====
More extensive modifications made to the ship by the [[Kelvan]]s in [[2268]], who were able to produce velocities that were far beyond the reach of Federation science, allowing the ''Enterprise'' to safely maintain a cruising speed of warp 11 while traveling through the intergalactic void. ({{TOS|By Any Other Name}})
 
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise firing phasers.jpg|thumb|USS ''Enterprise'' firing her main batteries]]
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise firing phasers in 2259.jpg|thumb|...and seen firing a single phaser]]
  +
During the early [[2250s]], ''Constitution''-class heavy cruisers were armed with a complement of [[directed energy weapon]]s, that possessed enough {{dis|power|physics}} to destroy half a [[continent]] in a concentrated bombardment. In addition, these vessels carried on board [[laser cannon]]s, capable of operating on [[energy]] [[Energy beam|fed remotely]] from the ship. ({{TOS|The Cage|The Menagerie, Part I|The Menagerie, Part II}})
   
  +
===== Laser cannons =====
The maximum warp speed recorded for this class by itself was warp 14.1, achieved by the ''Enterprise'' due to sabotage to the vessel's [[warp drive]] system. While the ship itself was not structured to take that speed for any length of time, the ''Enterprise'' was able to maintain that velocity for nearly 15 minutes. ({{TOS|That Which Survives}})
 
  +
From 2254 to 2257, ''Constitution''-class vessels were fitted with laser cannons. These were an upgrade to the phase cannons on previous ships in Starfleet, however the laser cannons were quickly replaced by phaser banks once the technology was developed. ({{TOS|The Cage}}; {{DIS|Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2}}; {{SNW|Lift Us Where Suffering Cannot Reach}}; {{TOS|Balance of Terror}})
  +
{{bginfo|According to the ''[[Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology]]'' (p. 164), the advanced ship-board laser banks used by ''Constitution''-class starships were upgraded to phaser banks four years after the ''Enterprise'' had visited [[Talos IV]] in "The Cage".}}
   
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===== Main phasers =====
The ''Enterprise'' also maintained stability at warp 22, while tractored to a ship going warp 32. ({{TAS|The Counter-Clock Incident}})
 
  +
[[File:Phaser Control Room.jpg|thumb|left|Phaser control room]]
  +
With a range of approximately 90,000 [[kilometer]]s, the ''Constition''{{'}}s [[main phaser]]s were targeted via [[directional beam]] produced by the [[navigator]] or [[helmsman]] via a direct line of communication with [[phaser crew]]s located in the [[phaser control room]]. In order to prepare the ship for firing, the main phasers needed to be energized, primed, and brought to full power. ({{TOS|The Corbomite Maneuver|Balance of Terror|Arena}}) [[Phaser tracking control]]s was also used in phaser operation. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}})
   
[[File:Constitution class refit impulsedrive.jpg|thumb|left|A close-up of the refit configuration impulse drive]]
+
[[File:Constitution class phaser bank diagram.jpg|thumb|Diagram of forward phaser bank]]
  +
These ship mounted phasers were capable of being adjusted to a rate as low as 1/100th power, and like hand phasers were capable of [[stun]], heat, or disintegrate targets, including objects or beings in space or on a planet's surface. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer|A Piece of the Action}}) The focus could be adjusted from a narrow to a wide beam. ({{TOS|Who Mourns for Adonais?|Whom Gods Destroy|The Paradise Syndrome|A Piece of the Action}}) Targeting was typically done visually, but could also be accomplished on [[motion sensor]]s at a loss of accuracy. When only motion sensor readings were available, the ship's phasers could be set for [[proximity blast]] or a 100% dispersal pattern. ({{TOS|Balance of Terror|Errand of Mercy}})
Following the 2270s refit of the class, the ''Constitution'' was equipped with a linear dilithium-controlled MARA (Matter/Antimatter Reactor Assembly), and a pulse dilithium-controlled assembly was installed by the mid [[2290]]s aboard the USS ''Enterprise''. ({{film|2}}; {{film|6}})
 
   
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{{dthumb|USS Enterprise phasers blue remastered.jpg|USS Defiant (NCC-1764) firing aft phasers.jpg|USS ''Enterprise'' firing forward phasers|...and the USS ''Defiant'' firing aft phasers|left}}
The ''Constitution''-class' [[impulse drive]] system was a twin-port engine, capable of velocities at least warp factor 0.8. ({{film|1}}) A fusion explosion equivalent to at least 97.835 megatons would result if the impulse engines were overloaded. ({{TOS|The Doomsday Machine}})
 
  +
By [[2257]], this class of ship had a standard complement of six [[phaser emitter]]s. ({{DIS|Brother}} ''display graphic'') This included placements at port, starboard, and mid-ship, among which were two to (up to) four forward phaser banks. ({{TOS|Balance of Terror|The Paradise Syndrome}}) There were also two banks each on the port and starboard on the dorsal surface of the primary hull. Two banks covered both flanks.({{TNG|Datalore}} ''[[:File: Constitution class schematics, NCC-1700.jpg|display graphic]]'')
   
  +
By the late 2260s, the ship also had aft banks located above and below the [[shuttlebay]] on the [[secondary hull]]. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}})
==== Main engineering ====
 
[[File:Constitution original engineering2.jpg|thumb|left|Engineering in [[2266]]]]
 
[[File:Constitution original engineering.jpg|thumb|Engineering in [[2268]]]]
 
[[File:Main engineering, dilithium chamber.jpg|thumb|[[Dilithium chamber]] in engineering in [[2269]]]]
 
[[File:Warp core TAS.jpg|thumb|left|Engineering in [[2269]]]]
 
[[File:Constitution class refit engineering.jpg|thumb|Refit configuration main engineering deck in the [[2270s]]]]
 
[[File:Constitution Engineering.jpg|thumb|left|Upper engineering level on a refit ''Constitution'']]
 
[[Main engineering]] was from where the ship's warp was controlled. All thrust and power systems were primarily controlled from this site, and it is also where the main dilithium crystal reactor was located. Life support was controlled separately from Deck 6. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer|The Corbomite Maneuver|The Naked Time|The Enemy Within|The Conscience of the King|Day of the Dove}})
 
   
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{{bginfo|Based on dialogue from "The Paradise Syndrome", there were four forward phasers, though the visual effects in that episode depict two phasers firing on each discharge, suggesting a battery of eight forward phaser emitters.|In a scene description from the final draft script of "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II", the aft phaser was said to be "beneath the hangar deck." However, the location of the aft phaser is shown on-screen to be above the hangar deck.}}
During the [[2270s]] ''Constitution''-class refit, the interior design of the engineering section was drastically upgraded, featuring the vertical [[warp core]] and the horizontal intermix area.
 
   
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==== Torpedo systems ====
Main engineering was lodged on Decks 14 and 15. Deck 14 was the uppermost level of the engineering hull, and was the anchoring framework for the connecting dorsal and the warp nacelle pylons.
 
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise fires photon torpedo.jpg|thumb|Torpedo launcher in 2267]]
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''Constitution''-class ships [[torpedo tube]]s were located on the underside of the saucer section, and aft mounted capabilities at the end of the secondary hull. ({{TOS|Arena}}; {{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}) This combined arsenal was powerful enough to destroy the entire surface of a planet. ({{TOS|A Taste of Armageddon}})
   
  +
The standard complement consisted of two 2 forward [[torpedo launcher]]s, as well as aft torpedoes. ({{DIS|Brother}}; {{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}})
On the forward end of the deck was the engineering computer monitoring room, which encircled the cortical intermix shaft and opens, to the rear, into the engineering computer bay.
 
   
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{{bginfo|According to a line of dialogue from {{TOS|Journey to Babel}}, Kirk ordered his crew to "''fire photon torpedoes two, four, and six''", indicating that the first three torpedoes in the "even" launcher were fired. Further dialogue in scene from {{TOS|Elaan of Troyius}}, in which all tubes were brought to bear, the full spread of torpedoes from the forward tubes consisted of six photon torpedoes, again indicating two tubes capable of rapidly firing three torpedoes at one time.|Dialogue from {{TAS|More Tribbles, More Troubles}} suggests that the first tube was identified as through the command/reply: "fire one"/"one fired".|Dialogue from "A Taste of Armageddon" states that the ''Enterprise'' possessed a complement of at least "a few dozen." According to the apocryphal ''[[Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology]]'' (p. 164), in the late 2260s configuration the ship carried a total of four hundred photon torpedoes.}}
Deck 15 housed the main engineering room. Located in the center of the room, and extending for many levels both above and below the deck, was the vertical linear intermix chamber. This complex, radically new design in intermix technology, provided operational power for the impulse drive system and furnished enough additional energy to power all other shipboard systems.
 
   
  +
==== Defensive systems ====
Both matter and antimatter for this chamber were contained in a series of magnetic bottles, which were housed in pods at the base of the intermix shaft. ({{film|1}})
 
  +
The ''Constitution''-class starship had two types of [[defensive system]]s, consisting of [[deflector screen]]s and [[deflector shield|shields]]. The shield shield grid was divided into four segments, referred to as "number one shield", "number two shield", etc. ({{TOS|Journey to Babel|Elaan of Troyius}}) At full power, with the warp reactor tied into the shield system, it was capable of absorbing and repulsing a bombardment of energy impacts equal to the detonation of 360 [[photon torpedo]]es of the type the ''Enterprise'' was equipped with at the time, before the shielding power was completely lost. In [[2267]], for example, the ''Enterprise'' survived an attack from the ''[[Nomad]]'' probe. ''Nomad'' fired four powerful bolts of [[energy]], each with the equivalent force of ninety photon torpedoes. The first hit reduced shielding power only by twenty percent. After being hit with the equal force of 270 photon torpedoes, warp maneuvering power was lost. Shields were lost with the fourth hit. ({{TOS|The Changeling}}) A ship was no capable of firing full phasers with its screens up. ({{TOS|A Taste of Armageddon}})
   
  +
The deflector shield grid was much more vulnerable to intense standard [[phaser]] bombardment. In [[2268]], an [[Orion scout ship]] was able to cause buckling in some of the shields of the ''Enterprise'' after it had made just five attack runs on the ship. On the seventh run, the ''Enterprise'' lost one of its four shields. ({{TOS|Journey to Babel}}) Other more powerful weaponry could take the shields down even more easily, the [[planet killer]] for example could completely deplete a ''Constitution''-class starship's shielding power with only three hits with its [[antiproton beam]]. ({{TOS|The Doomsday Machine}})
=== Tactical systems ===
 
[[File:USS Enterprise firing phasers.jpg|thumb|Forward phasers of the USS ''Enterprise'']]
 
During the early [[2250s]], ''Constitution''-class heavy cruisers were armed with a complement of [[directed energy weapon]]s, that possessed enough [[power]] to destroy half a [[continent]] in a concentrated bombardment. In addition, these vessels carried on board [[laser cannon]]s, capable of operating on [[energy]] fed remotely from the ship. ({{TOS|The Cage|The Menagerie, Part I|The Menagerie, Part II}})
 
   
  +
The diversion of all but [[emergency maintenance power]] to the shields had the adverse effect of reducing phaser power by fifty percent. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}}) A single detonation of a [[nuclear warhead]] less than a hundred meters away could cause internal overloads on the ship and leak [[radiation]] through the shields to the outer regions of the ship. ({{TOS|Balance of Terror}}) Without the warp reactor to power the shields, the system was not very effective in protecting the ship. With only the [[impulse reactor]]s powering the shields, a {{class|D7}} [[Klingon]] [[battle cruiser]] could deplete a ''Constitution''-class starship's shielding power with only few passes of [[disruptor]] fire. ({{TOS|Elaan of Troyius}})
By [[2266]], [[phaser bank]]s were standard complement aboard this class of ship. A bank actually consisted of a single emitter and its power supply, though it was common practice to fire two banks at a time and refer to it as a single firing. ({{TOS|The Corbomite Maneuver|The Doomsday Machine|The Paradise Syndrome}})
 
   
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=== Navigational deflector ===
Ship-mounted phaser banks had a range of approximately 90,000 [[kilometer]]s, and like hand phasers, were capable of being adjusted to stun, heat, or disintegrate targets, including objects or beings in space or on a planets surface at a focus ranging from narrow to wide beam. When only motion sensor readings are available, the ships phasers could be set for [[proximity blast]] and bracket the approximate [[coordinates]] of the target. ({{TOS|Balance of Terror|A Piece of the Action|Who Mourns for Adonais?|The Paradise Syndrome|The Tholian Web}})
 
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise fires deflector beam.jpg|thumb|The navigational deflector dish]]
[[File:USS Defiant (NCC-1764) firing aft phasers.jpg|thumb|Original configuration ''Constitution''-class USS ''Defiant'' firing its [[secondary hull]] aft phasers]]
 
  +
The navigational deflector dish on ''Constitution''-class vessels was mounted at the front of the secondary hull. It was mainly used to deflect/repel debris and other objects.
In the original configuration, a battery of several forward phaser emitters was located on the lower part of the ventral side of the saucer section. Aft firing banks were located above the [[shuttlebay]] on the secondary hull. There were also port, starboard and midship phasers. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}; {{TOS|Balance of Terror|The Paradise Syndrome|Arena|Friday's Child}}).
 
   
  +
In [[2268]] the USS ''Enterprise'' used a [[deflector beam]] to attempt to shift a large [[asteroid]] off course when it threatened the [[planet]] [[Amerind]]. The attempt failed and caused damage to the ship's power. ({{TOS|The Paradise Syndrome}})
{{bginfo|Based on dialogue from "The Paradise Syndrome" there were four forward phasers, though the effects depicted two phasers firing on each discharge, suggesting there was a battery of eight forward phaser emitters. A [[:File:Constitution class, NCC-1700, Datalore.jpg|top view graphic]] of the original ''Constitution''-class configuration, used on a computer screen in {{TNG|Datalore}}, depicted the port and starboard emitters on the dorsal surface of the primary hull. Two emitters cover both flanks.}}
 
   
  +
{{bginfo|[[Stephen E. Whitfield]] and [[Gene Roddenberry]]'s ''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'' (p. 191) stated of the vessel's prominent dish: "''The starship's main sensor-deflector (a parabolic sensor and asteroid-deflector) is located at the front end of the secondary hull.''" In accordance with this, [[Franz Joseph]]'s ''[[Star Trek Blueprints]]'' labeled it as the "''main sensor and navigational deflector,''" although Joseph's ''[[Star Fleet Technical Manual]]'' omitted the latter and referred to it only as the "main sensor." Some [[Matt Jefferies]] concept sketches of the ship had earlier included a dome-shaped nosecone "sensor" in place of, or perhaps covering, the dish. (''[[Star Trek: The Original Series Sketchbook]]'', p. 68; ''[[The Art of Star Trek]]'', p. 9)}}
The diversion of all but [[emergency maintenance power]] to the [[shields]] had the adverse affect of reducing phaser power by fifty percent. ({{TOS|The Tholian Web}})
 
   
  +
== Interior design ==
The ''Constitution''-class originally mounted six forward [[torpedo tube]]s and an aft tube for launching [[photon torpedo]]es. The forward tubes were located in the same area as the forward phaser banks. The tube covering the aft firing arc launched torpedoes from the end of the secondary hull. This combined arsenal was powerful enough to destroy the entire surface of a planet. ({{TOS|Arena|A Taste of Armageddon|Journey to Babel}}; {{TAS|More Tribbles, More Troubles}}; {{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}})
 
  +
The color scheme implemented aboard ''Constitution''-class ships was predominantly red-orange accents alongside dark gray or light gray paneling. These colors were accented with soft white light or multicolored lights installed in floor and wall paneling, and later, in the ceiling. This color scheme was put in and kept from the ''Constitution''-class refit of the mid-2250s to the early [[2270]]s. ({{s|TOS}}; {{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}; {{DIS|Brother|Such Sweet Sorrow|Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2}}; {{ST|Q&A|The Trouble with Edward|Ask Not}}; {{DS9|Trials and Tribble-ations}})
   
  +
{{see-list|Constitution class decks||''Constitution''-class decks}}
{{bginfo|The number of forward torpedo tubes is based on the line of dialogue "''fire photon torpedoes two, four and six''" from "Journey to Babel," and the dialogue and scene from {{e|Elaan of Troyius}} where all tubes were brought to bear and the full spread of torpedoes from the forward tubes consisted of six photon torpedoes. According to the ''[[Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology]]'' (p. 164), in the original configuration the ship carried a total of 400 photon torpedoes. The advanced laser banks were upgraded to phaser banks four years after the ''Enterprise'' had visited [[Talos IV]] in "The Cage".}}
 
   
  +
<gallery>
[[File:Constitution class refit configuration phasers.jpg|thumb|left|A refit ''Constitution'' vessel fires its forward phasers]]
 
  +
File:USS Enterprise corridor 2259.jpg|A typical corridor on the ''Constitution''-class, late 2250s
[[File:Constitution class refit torpedo.jpg|thumb|Torpedo bay (refit configuration)]]
 
  +
File:USS Enterprise corridor.jpg|A typical corridor on the ''Constitution''-class, late 2260s
After the refit of the [[2270s]], ''Constitution''-class ships mounted three dual-emitter phaser banks on the ventral and three on dorsal faces of the saucer. They covered the forward, port and starboard flanks. Two single emitter aft banks are above the shuttlebay and four midship single emitter banks are located on the ventral surface of the engineering hull. Phaser power was increased by drawing energy directly from the warp drive. This increase in firepower had a drawback in that the phasers would be cut off if the main reactor was off line. This problem hampered the USS ''Enterprise'' on at least two occasions, one in [[2272]] and again in [[2283]].
 
  +
File:Una and Spock in the turbolift.jpg|Turbolift car interior, late 2250s
  +
</gallery>
   
  +
=== Main bridge ===
The post-refit vessels had two forward firing [[torpedo launcher]]s, though each tube could fire at least two torpedoes before reloading. ({{film|1}}; {{film|2}}; {{film|3}})
 
  +
==== Overview ====
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise bridge dome.jpg|thumb|The translucent bridge dome]]
  +
Located at deck 1 atop of the [[primary hull]], the ''Constitution''{{'}}s [[main bridge]] directly supervised all primary mission operations and coordinated all departmental activities. Due to the age and variety of configurations of the ''Constitution''-class, bridge configurations varied from mission to mission and ship to ship.
   
  +
{{bginfo|Multiple sets were used to represent the bridge of the original ''Constitution''-class. In {{s|TNG}}, a partial set was faithfully recreated for {{e|Relics}}, a full set was created for {{e|Trials and Tribble-ations}}, a new set with a slightly altered appearance was built for the two-part {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly}} and {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}, and starting with {{e|Such Sweet Sorrow}}, a completely new set, with updated design, bigger overall diameter, and a blend of touchscreen and classic jelly bean controls was introduced.}}
=== Transporter systems ===
 
[[File:Constitution transporter.jpg|thumb|[[Transporter]] in [[2266]]]]
 
[[File:USS Enterprise replica transporter.jpg|thumb|left|Outward view of a [[transporter room]] from the late [[2260s]]]]
 
[[File:Constitution original transporter.jpg|thumb|left|Inward view of a transporter room from the late 2260s]]
 
Extravehicular transporter to and from the ship was accomplished by a number of transporter systems, which allowed personnel or equipment to be transported over large ranges. The transporter platform featured six pads, which were numbered clockwise, beginning with the right front. A redesigned field generator matrix was mounted into the rear wall of the chamber aboard the refit configuration ''Constitution''-class starships.
 
   
  +
<gallery>
[[File:Constitution class refit transporter.jpg|thumb|Refit configuration transporter room late 2280s-early 2290s]]
 
  +
File:USS Enterprise Bridge, 2253.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2253
Aboard the refitted ''Constitution''-class vessels, the transporter operator stood within an enclosed control pod, which had a floor-to-ceiling transparent aluminum panel through which he or she could view the transport platform. This panel served to shield the operator from the effects of any cumulative radiations emitted by the new transporter machinery, a side effect of the more powerful system.
 
  +
File:Constitution class bridge 2250s.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2254
  +
File:USS Enterprise bridge, 2258.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2258
  +
File:USS Enterprise bridge, 2259.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2259
  +
File:USS Enterprise bridge, 2267.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2267
  +
File:USS Enterprise bridge overview, 2269.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2269
  +
File:USS Enterprise bridge wide, 2269.jpg|Bridge of the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2270
  +
</gallery>
   
  +
==== Command chair ====
A door in the standard transporter room wall led to a staging area where landing parties prepared for transporter.
 
  +
The [[command chair]] was located in the recessed area at the center of the room, where consequently, the captain could be immediately updated on the condition of the vessel or its crew during missions, and orders could be given clearly with a minimum of effort. The chair was mounted on a circular pillar, attached to a rectangular footplate that was directly anchored to the deck. It was designed to swivel on the support so that the captain could turn to any member of the bridge crew.
   
  +
<gallery>
=== Airlocks ===
 
[[File:Constitution class refit airlock.jpg|thumb|Airlock staging area in [[2272]]]]
+
File:Constitution command chair, 2254.jpg|The original gooseneck viewer in the mid-2250s
  +
File:USS Exeter command chair.jpg||A typical captain's chair during the mid-2260s
Refit ''Constitution''-class starships possessed a number of airlocks permitting direct physical access to the ship. One was located at the aft of Deck 1 on top of the saucer section. Two more were located in the lower saucer section, port and starboard, concealed by sliding hull plates. ({{film|1}})
 
  +
File:Bob Wesley aboard Lexington.jpg|A high-back captain's chair during the late 2260s
  +
</gallery>
   
  +
The command chairs featured three slightly different versions of the same command chair. Most, such as the one on the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}}, featured a backrest that only reached the mid-back. The [[2250s]] and [[2260s]] version of this chair had a "gooseneck viewer" on the right armrest. ({{TOS|The Cage|Where No Man Has Gone Before}}) A few, such as that of the {{USS|Lexington|NCC-1709}}, had a full backrest. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer}})
{{bginfo|One of these, [port], is shown in the "Spock walk" sequence. Since nearly every other such airlock has a matching one on the other side of the ship, it is reasonable to assume the presence of one to starboard.}}
 
   
  +
{{bginfo|The full backrest used for the ''Lexington'' helped visually distinguish between the bridges of that ship and the ''Enterprise''. The same full backrest was used on the set re-dress of the bridge for the [[mirror universe]] {{ISS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} in the episode {{TOS|Mirror, Mirror}}.}}
These lower two are accessed through staging areas. Four spacesuit lockers line one wall; each containing one suit, providing enough to clothe a standard party of four. A small, locked arms cabinet held phasers; communicators, [[tricorder]]s, translators, and outerwear were contained in a separate cabinet on another wall. ({{film|1}})
 
   
  +
[[File:Captain's chair controls.jpg|thumb|The captain's chair controls]]
The next set of airlocks were located on the port and starboard sides of the torpedo bays. The final set were located on the port and starboard sides of the secondary hull at the midline. ({{film|1}}; {{film|2}}) These airlocks opened into the ship's main cargo bay. There was also a "gangway"-style airlock on the port edge of the saucer section. ({{film|1}})
 
  +
The command chair also had {{dis|button|electronics}}s on either of the arm rests used to operate the [[command console]]. The left side contained the button for [[companel]], and the right side contained buttons for manually placing the ship on [[red alert|red]] or [[yellow alert]], as well as one to jettison [[ion pod|pod]]. ({{TOS|Court Martial}}) The gooseneck viewer was eliminated by [[2266]], but the other console controls remained. ({{TOS|The Corbomite Maneuver}})
   
  +
==== Bridge stations ====
{{bginfo|The presence of a similar "passageway" visible in the Tholian drydock holding the USS ''Defiant'' suggests that it is a feature of the pre-refit ''Constitution''-class as well. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly}})}}
 
  +
The command chair was position was equidistant from all the [[control console]]s that operated specific bridge stations.
   
  +
Piloting and navigation functions were carried out at the [[helm console]], located in the center of the room, positioned in front of the command chair. This panel consisted of three main sections.
Located on the upper surface of the saucer section of the refitted ''Enterprise'' were numerous small hatches used for entrance/egress during extra-vehicular activities. (Kirk, Spock, Decker, McCoy, and the Ilia probe use one of these hatches to leave the ship when they arrive at ''[[V'Ger]]''s "core".) ({{film|1}})
 
   
  +
On the left was a compartment which opened automatically to permit operation of the targeting scanner. Next to this was the main control panel, which operated maneuvering [[thruster]]s, [[impulse]] engines, and fired the ship's weapons. Directly below this panel was a row of eight flip-switches provided to set warp flight speeds.
=== Landing bay and cargo facilities ===
 
[[File:Galileo approaches USS Enterprise from Vulcan.jpg|thumb|left|Original configuration, external view]]
 
[[File:Galileo and Columbus on hangar deck.jpg|thumb|Original configuration, internal view]]
 
Deck 17 was the main access level of the [[engineering hull]]. The aft landing bay provided personnel in small craft with a means of entering or exiting the vessel, as did docking port on either side of the level.
 
   
  +
The central section of the conn panel was fitted with a number of sensor monitor lights and was dominated by two main features: the alert indicator and the [[astrogator]], which was used for long-range course plotting. The [[navigation console]] had a control panel for entering the course and heading data and the flight path indicator and supplied information on any deviations or course corrections in progress. It also had controls for the weapons systems.
The original configuration of the ''Constitution''-class carried a standard complement of 4 [[shuttlecraft]], some of which were [[Class F shuttlecraft|Class F]]. ({{TOS|The Omega Glory}})
 
{{bginfo|This may have varied per ship, as while the {{USS|Exeter|NCC-1672}} was specifically stated to just have 4, the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} was seen with one class F and three other shuttles in its shuttlebay in {{TAS|Mudd's Passion}}. The same ship was also seen to have at least two class F shuttles earlier in {{TOS|The Galileo Seven}}, so its shuttle configuration may have varied over time as well.}}
 
   
[[File:Constitution class refit landingbay.jpg|thumb|left|Landing bay on a refit configuration vessel]]
+
[[File:Constitution class bridge console, 2258.jpg|thumb|left|A duotronic-based data-input bridge console]]
  +
Other stations on the bridge were provided for [[communications station]], [[engineering station]], [[weapons control]], [[gravity control]], [[damage control]], [[environmental engineering]], [[Science station|science]] and [[library computer]], and internal security. ({{TOS|This Side of Paradise|The Ultimate Computer}}, et al.) All computer systems aboard the ''Constitution''-class were [[duotronic]]-based. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer}}; {{DS9|Trials and Tribble-ations}})
[[File:Enterprise-A shuttlebay.jpg|thumb|Refit configuration, internal view]]
 
  +
During the mid-2260s, these consoles were [[203-R]] compatible. ({{TOS|Where No Man Has Gone Before}})
The refit configuration ''Constitution''-class starship featured a new landing bay design. A wide range of [[Starfleet]] and [[Federation]] craft could utilize this state-of-the-art landing facility. Alcoves on either side of the landing bay provided storage for up to six standard [[Work Bee]]s, and furnished all necessary recharging and refueling equipment. Additional space was available for the storage of non-ship shuttlecraft.
 
   
  +
==== Additional features ====
Just within the landing bay doors was a [[force field]] generator unit, which was built into the main [[bulkhead]]s on either side of the entry area. This field allowed craft to enter the ship, while at the same time retaining the atmosphere and temperature within the landing bay.
 
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise viewscreen, 2259.jpg|thumb|The viewscreen aboard the USS ''Enterprise'' in 2259]]
  +
Mounted into the room's forward bulkhead was the main [[viewscreen]]. Visual sensor pickups located at various points on the ''Constitution''-class' outer hull were capable of image magnification and allowed a varied choice of viewing angles. ({{TOS|The Corbomite Maneuver|Balance of Terror}}, et al.)
   
  +
[[File:Automatic bridge defense system.jpg|thumb|left|The automatic bridge defense system deployed]]
Deck 18, the refit configuration shuttlecraft hanger bay, was situated at the widest point of the engineering hull. Much of the deck consisted of open space, as it was the mid-level of the cargo facility; thirty-two cargo pod modules could be stored in the alcoves lining the forward, port, and starboard sides of the bay.
 
  +
In the late [[2260s]], along with the added turbolift, the bridge design changed from a segmented flat-panel peripheral station configuration to a completely circular design, including curved overhead viewscreens, and railings and steps which matched the arc of the circumference. At the same time, an [[automatic bridge defense system]] was also installed atop the ceiling. ({{TAS|Beyond the Farthest Star}})
  +
{{bginfo|According to production designer Matt Jefferies, dramatic necessity required the turbolift to be moved from its planned center-line position (as seen on the ''Enterprise'' model). This offset placement allowed characters to walk onto the bridge and enter scenes without being blocked by actors sitting in the command chair.}}
   
  +
===Main engineering===
The shuttle hangar had sufficient room for the storage of four craft at any given time. During normal storage situations, these shuttlecraft faced aft.
 
  +
{| class="wiki-sidebar"
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[File:USS Enterprise Engineering 2259.jpg|360px]]
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="2" class="even" |<center>USS Enterprise main engineering, 2259</center>
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Constitution class engineering, 2266.jpg|180px]]
  +
| colspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Constitution class engineering, 2268.jpg|180px]]
  +
|-
  +
| class="even" |<center>main engineering, [[2266]]</center>
  +
| class="even" |<center>main engineering, [[2268]]</center>
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Constitution class warp core, 2269.jpg|180px]]
  +
| colspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Constitution class main engineering dilithium chamber.jpg|180px]]
  +
|-
  +
| class="even" |<center>main engineering, [[2269]]</center>
  +
| class="even" |<center>[[Dilithium chamber]] in engineering in 2269</center>
  +
|}
  +
[[Main engineering]] was from where the ship's warp was controlled. All thrust and power systems were primarily controlled from this site, and it is also where the main dilithium crystal reactor/warp core was located for most of the ship's life. Life support was controlled separately from Deck 6. ({{TOS|The Ultimate Computer|The Corbomite Maneuver|The Naked Time|The Enemy Within|The Conscience of the King}}, {{e|Day of the Dove}})
   
  +
In 2259, the warp core was located in main engineering. The matter and antimatter were directed down into the reaction chamber where the dilithium crystals were and then the resulting electro-plasma was directed through unseen conduits into the warp conduits on the walls in the back of the engineering room to the warp nacelles. ({{SNW|Strange New Worlds|Ghosts of Illyria}})
This deck also housed the vessel's lifeboat facilities. These one-man craft, which escaped through blow-away panels in the side of the secondary hull, were provided for those persons were unable to reach the primary hull in case of an emergency. ({{film|1}})
 
   
  +
In 2266, the warp core was moved to a separate room called the dilithium crystal energizer room, where the main warp reaction occurred horizontally. The warp plasma conduits to the nacelles remained in main engineering but were secured being a grate. ({{TOS|The Alternative Factor}}) In 2268, the warp core was moved back to Engineering, with the dilithium crystals and main reaction occurring in a dilithium crystal converter. The matter anti-matter reaction still happened horizontally at this time and was still directed into unseen conduits beneath the engineering deck. In late 2269, a new vertical component of the warp core was added to the dilithium crystal converter. ({{TAS|The Terratin Incident}})
=== Crew support systems ===
 
==== Medical systems ====
 
[[File:USS Enterprise sickbay, TAS.jpg|thumb|Biobeds in sickbay]]
 
On the original ''Constitution''-class starships, a [[sickbay]] facility was located on Deck 6, which featured an examination room, a nursery, the [[chief medical officer]]'s office and a medical lab. At least one other medical lab was located elsewhere on the vessel, and was used for biopsy, among other things. Sickbay was considered the safest place to be on the ship during combat. ({{TOS|The Naked Time|Elaan of Troyius}})
 
   
  +
=== Transporter rooms ===
{{bginfo|The sickbay set of the pilot episode {{e|Where No Man Has Gone Before}} underwent considerable changes following the shooting of the episode for the remainder of the series.}}
 
  +
Extravehicular transporter to and from the ship could be accomplished by a number of transporter systems besides the airlocks, which allowed personnel or equipment to be transported over large ranges. The transporter platform featured six small pads, which were numbered clockwise, beginning with the right front. ({{SNW|Strange New Worlds}}, {{TOS|The Cage|Where No Man Has Gone Before}}) A large section in the middle of the transporter could be used to transport large cargo. ({{TOS|Dagger of the Mind}})
[[File:Constitution class refit sickbay.jpg|thumb|left|Intensive Care Unit on a refit configuration vessel]]
 
[[File:Constitution class refit examination room.jpg|thumb|Refit configuration examination room]]
 
With the class refit of the 2270s, the medical facilities of the ''Constitution''-class starship were considerably updated. New micro-diagnostic tables were capable of fully analyzing the humanoid body at the sub-cellular level, offering the physician a total understanding of the patient's status.
 
   
  +
A door in the standard transporter room wall led to a staging area where landing parties prepared for transporter. ({{TOS|The Cage}})
Another new addition was a medical [[stasis unit]], in which patients whose conditions were considered immediately life-threatening could be placed into suspended animation until the proper cure or surgical procedure could be established. ({{film|1}})
 
   
  +
The transporter room was also outfitted with a food slot. ({{TOS|Tomorrow is Yesterday}})
==== Crew quarters ====
 
[[File:Enterprise quarters, original.jpg|thumb|left|[[Crew quarters]] in the 2260s]]
 
[[File:Jonathan Archer (mirror) in a wraparound tunic.jpg|thumb|Senior officers' quarters on an original ''Constitution'']]
 
[[File:Constitution class refit officers quarters.jpg|thumb|Officers' quarters on a refit configuration ''Constitution'']]
 
Crew quarters were located throughout the saucer section &ndash; keeping with [[Starfleet]] tradition, Deck 5 housed the senior officers' quarters. On the refit configuration vessels, these staterooms were quite similar to the VIP units on Deck 4, with only a few differences.
 
   
  +
<gallery>
On starships of the original configuration, the officers' quarters featured two areas, separated partly by a wall fragment. One area was allocated as sleeping area, featuring a comfortable bed, and another as work area, including a desk and computer terminal. Entrance to a bathroom was provided through the quarter's sleeping area. Both areas could be configured to personal preference. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}; {{TOS|The Enemy Within}})
 
  +
File:Constitution transporter 2250s.jpg|Inward view of a [[transporter room]] from the late [[2250s]]
  +
File:Constitution transporter room, 2259.jpg|Inward view of a [[transporter room]] in [[2259]]
  +
File:Constitution class transporter room, 2268.jpg|Inward view of a transporter room, ca. [[2268]]
  +
File:Constitution class transporter room, 2269.jpg|Inward view of a transporter room, ca. [[2269]]
  +
File:Constitution transporter room from pad, 2269.jpg|View from transporter pad, ca. 2269
  +
File:Constitution class transporter, 2266.jpg|[[Transporter pad]]
  +
File:Constitution class transporter console, 2267.jpg|[[Transporter console]]
  +
File:Constitution class transporter room food slot.jpg|[[Food slot]]
  +
</gallery>
   
  +
===Landing bay and cargo facilities===
{{bginfo|On the original series, several "different" crew quarters were seen, but always the same set was used, changed by different lighting designs and furniture configuration.}}
 
  +
The aft [[landing bay]] provided personnel in small craft with a means of entering or exiting the vessel.
   
  +
The 2260s configuration of the ''Constitution''-class carried a standard complement of 4 [[shuttlecraft]], some of which were [[Class F shuttlecraft|Class F]]. ({{TOS|The Omega Glory}})
On ''Constitution''-class vessels, staterooms of the senior officers were composed of two areas which were separated by a retractable, [[transparent aluminum]] partition. The room's entrance opened into the living area. A library computer terminal and work desk were provided here. The room's corner circular nook, normally occupied by a dining booth, could be modified at the officer's request.
 
   
  +
The class contained at least five [[cargo hold]]s. ({{TAS|Beyond the Farthest Star}})
The other half of the stateroom was a sleeping area, which held a single large bed that could double as sofa during off-duty relaxation. A transparent door led into the bathroom area. By the [[2290s]], crew space was at a premium, and the size of officers' quarters was reduced to one large room and crewmen were housed in dormitories with bunk beds. ({{film|1}}; {{film|6}})
 
   
  +
{{bginfo|This may have varied per ship, as while the {{USS|Exeter|NCC-1672}} was specifically stated to just have four, the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} was seen with one Class F and three other shuttles in its shuttlebay in {{TAS|Mudd's Passion}}. The same ship was also seen to have at least two Class F shuttles earlier in {{TOS|The Galileo Seven}}, so its shuttle configuration may have varied over time as well.}}
==== Recreational facilities ====
 
[[File:Constitution class original recreation.jpg|thumb|left|A typical recreation room (2260s)]]
 
[[File:Constitution class refit recreation.jpg|thumb|Recreation room (refit configuration, 2270s)]]
 
Aboard the original ''Constitution''-class starships, there were at least six recreation rooms, which included [[three-dimensional chess]] and card game tables. There was also a [[Recreation room|holographic rec room]], which was the predecessor of the [[holodeck]]. Also aboard were as [[arboretum]], [[gymnasium]], a [[bowling alley]], a theater, and a [[chapel]]. ({{TOS|Charlie X|The Naked Time|The Conscience of the King}}; {{film|1}})
 
   
  +
<gallery>
On the refitted ''Constitution''-class vessels, recreational facilities were further expanded. One large room in the aft section of the starship's saucer section furnished off-duty personnel with a wide variety of recreational games and entertainment. At the front of the room was an immense, wall-mounted viewing screen. Beneath this was an information display alcove; five small screens exhibited, upon request, a choice of pictorial histories. A raised platform in the center of the lower level floor featured a diversity of electronic entertainment. ({{film|1}})
 
  +
File:Constitution class shuttle bay, 2259.jpg|External view, 2259
  +
File:Galileo approaches USS Enterprise from Vulcan.jpg|External view, 2267
  +
File:Galileo and Columbus on hangar deck.jpg|Internal view
  +
File:Enterprise shuttlebay, 2269.jpg|Internal view with full complement of shuttles
  +
</gallery>
   
===== Officers' lounge =====
+
=== Sickbay ===
[[File:Constitution class refit lounge.jpg|thumb|Officers' lounge privacy area on a ''Constitution''-class vessel of the refit lineage]]
+
[[File:Constitution class sickbay, 2259.png|thumb|''Constitution''-class sickbay in 2259]]
  +
[[File:Constitution class sickbay, 2270.jpg|thumb|Biobeds in sickbay]]
  +
On the ''Constitution''-class starships in the late 2260s, a [[sickbay]] facility was located on Deck 6, which featured an examination room, a nursery, the [[chief medical officer]]'s office and a medical lab. At least one other medical lab was located elsewhere on the vessel, and was used for biopsy, among other things. Sickbay was considered the safest place to be on the ship during combat. ({{TOS|The Naked Time|Elaan of Troyius}}) Many of the tools used in the Sickbay aboard the USS ''Enterprise'', following her launch, were designed by her first [[medical officer]], [[Doctor]] [[Sarah April]], as life aboard required frequent improvisation. ({{TAS|The Counter-Clock Incident}})
   
  +
{{bginfo|The sickbay set of the pilot episode {{e|Where No Man Has Gone Before}} underwent considerable changes following the shooting of the episode for the remainder of the series.}}
Located at the stern of Deck 2 aboard the refit configuration ''Constitution''-class starship was the officers' lounge. Here, four huge view ports afforded a spectacular view of the ship's warp nacelles and space beyond.
 
   
  +
=== Crew lounge and recreation facilities ===
To the sides, small plant areas held flora from several worlds and a small pool featured freshwater tropical fish. Just forward of this section of the lounge were two privacy areas. In each privacy area, a view screen was mounted into the wall, providing a full exterior tour of the vessel. ({{film|1}})
 
  +
The crew/officers lounge on ''Constitution''-class starships offered an officers' lounge, adored by multiple viewpoints and with tables and a seating area.
   
  +
In the late 2260s, the crew lounge was located at the front of the saucer section, just above the three windows below it. ({{SNW|Strange New Worlds}})
== Ships commissioned ==
 
[[File:Constitutions formation, remastered.jpg|thumb|''Lexington, Excalibur, Hood,'' and ''Potemkin'' in formation during the M-5 trials]]
 
[[File:USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) approaches Starbase 6, remastered.jpg|thumb|The ''Enterprise'' and the ''Lexington'' at [[Starbase 6]]]]
 
* [[NCC-1700]] <!--USS Constitution-->
 
* [[NCC-1707]]
 
* {{USS|Constellation|NCC-1017| (NCC-1017)}}
 
* {{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764| (NCC-1764)}}<sup>[[#Footnotes|3]]</sup>
 
* {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701| (NCC-1701)}}
 
* {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701-A| (NCC-1701-A)}}
 
* {{USS|Excalibur|NCC-1664| (NCC-1664)}}
 
* {{USS|Exeter|NCC-1672| (NCC-1672)}}
 
* {{USS|Hood|NCC-1703| (NCC-1703)}}
 
* {{USS|Intrepid|NCC-1631| (NCC-1631)}}
 
* {{USS|Lexington|NCC-1709| (NCC-1709)}}
 
* {{USS|Potemkin|NCC-1657| (NCC-1657)}}
 
   
  +
In the late 2260s, there were at least six recreation rooms, which included [[three-dimensional chess]] and card game tables. There was also a [[Recreation room|holographic rec room]], which was the predecessor of the [[holodeck]]. Also aboard were an [[arboretum]], [[galley]], [[gymnasium]], a [[bowling alley]], a theater, and a [[chapel]]. ({{TOS|Charlie X|The Naked Time|The Conscience of the King|Is There in Truth No Beauty?}})
; Alternate
 
* {{ISS|Enterprise|NCC-1701| (NCC-1701)}} (in the [[mirror universe]])
 
* {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701| (NCC-1701)}} (in at least one [[alternate timeline]])
 
   
  +
<gallery>
;Unnamed:
 
* [[Unnamed Constitution class starships|Unnamed ''Constitution''-class starships]]
+
File:USS Enterprise officer's lounge 2259.jpg|Officers' lounge on a ''Constitution''-class vessel in 2259
  +
File:USS Enterprise bar 2259.jpg|A bar on a ''Constitution''-class
  +
File:Constitution class recreation room.jpg|A typical recreation room (2260s)
  +
File:Constitution class mess hall.jpg|[[Mess hall]]
  +
</gallery>
   
  +
===Crew quarters===
;Uncertain<sup>[[#Footnotes|4]]</sup>:
 
  +
Crew quarters were located throughout the saucer section &ndash; keeping with [[Starfleet]] tradition, Deck 5 housed the senior officers' quarters.
* [[NCC-1685]]
 
* [[NCC-1697]]
 
* [[NCC-1718]]
 
* [[NCC-1831]]
 
* {{USS|Ahwahnee|NCC-2048| (NCC-2048)}}
 
* {{USS|Carolina|23rd century}}
 
* [[USS Eagle|USS ''Eagle'' (NCC-956)]]
 
* [[USS Emden|USS ''Emden'' (NCC-1856)]]
 
* {{USS|Endeavour|NCC-1895| (NCC-1895)}}
 
* {{USS|Farragut|23rd century}}
 
* [[USS Kongo|USS ''Kongo'' (NCC-1710)]]
 
* [[USS Korolev| USS ''Korolev'' (NCC-2014)]]
 
* {{USS|Merrimac|NCC-1715| (NCC-1715)}}
 
* {{USS|Olympia}}
 
* [[USS Republic|USS ''Republic'' (NCC-1371)]]
 
* {{USS|Valiant|23rd century}}
 
* {{USS|Yorktown|23rd century}}<sup>[[#Footnotes|5]]</sup>
 
   
  +
From the 2250s to at least 2265, officers' quarters on a ''Constitution''-class were larger than in latter half of the 2260s and later due to an increase in a ''Constitution''-class' crew compliment size from 203 to 450. ({{TOS|The Cage}}; {{DIS|Brother|Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2}}; {{SNW|Strange New Worlds|Children of the Comet|Spock Amok}}; {{TOS|The Enemy Within}})
== Appendices ==
 
  +
{{bginfo|In "The Cage", Pike claims to be responsible for 203 lives. In "Brother", set three years later, scans still show 203 crew members, which was explicitly called the vessel's "entire complement." This crew count originated from Gene Roddenberry's original March 1964 ''[[Star Trek is...]]'' pitch (p. 9), whereas he had revised the number upwards to 430, "approximately one-third of them female", in the 17 April 1967 third draft of the series' "The Writer's Bible", aka ''{{dis|The Star Trek Guide|production document}}'' (p. 7).|The number of personnel assigned to the ship, as noted in numerous TOS episodes, including {{e|The Ultimate Computer}}, which was set a decade later, establihsed a crew compliment of 430. This number was later adopted by Franz Joseph for his 1975 ''Technical Manual'', whose "Class I Heavy Cruiser &ndash; Constitution Class Starships" specifications in turn became the source a [[:File:USS Enterprise details and specs.jpg|display graphic]] that was erroneously featured in "Brother", stating the larger crew size found under Kirk's command, specifically a crew compliment of 430 (43 [[officer]]s, 387 [[enlisted]]).}}
=== Appearances ===
 
  +
The ''Constitution''-class ''Enterprise'' appeared in every episode of [[TOS]] and [[TAS]] (except for {{e|The Slaver Weapon}}). TOS episodes featuring other ''Constitution''-class vessels besides ''Enterprise'' are listed below.
 
  +
For most of a ''Constitution''-class starship's life, the officers' quarters featured two areas, separated partly by a wall fragment. One area was allocated as sleeping area, featuring a comfortable bed, and another as work area, including a desk and computer terminal. Entrance to a bathroom was provided through the quarter's sleeping area. Both areas could be configured to personal preference. ({{ENT|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}; {{TOS|The Enemy Within}})
  +
  +
{{bginfo|On the original series, several "different" crew quarters were seen, but always the same set was used, changed by different lighting designs and furniture configuration.}}
  +
  +
<gallery>
  +
File:Christopher Pike on his bed, remastered.jpg|Captain's quarters, 2254
  +
File:Pike's quarters, 2259.jpg|Captain's quarters, 2259
  +
File:Michael Burnham in Spock's quarters.jpg|[[Crew quarters]], 2250s
  +
File:Constitution class quarters, 2269.jpg|Crew quarters, 2260s
  +
File:Jonathan Archer (mirror) in a wraparound tunic.jpg|Senior officers' quarters, 2260s
  +
</gallery>
  +
  +
==Ships commissioned==
  +
{| width="100%" |
  +
| valign="top" width="50%" |
  +
;Certain<sup>[[#footnote 3|3]]</sup>:
  +
*[[NCC-1700]]
  +
*{{USS|Cayuga}} (NCC-1557)
  +
*{{USS|Constellation|NCC-1017}} (NCC-1017)
  +
*{{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764}} (NCC-1764)
  +
*{{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} (NCC-1701) (later [[Constitution II class|refit]])
  +
*{{USS|Excalibur|NCC-1664}} (NCC-1664)
  +
*{{USS|Exeter|NCC-1672}} (NCC-1672)
  +
*{{USS|Hood|NCC-1703}} (NCC-1703)
  +
*{{USS|Intrepid|NCC-1631}} (NCC-1631)
  +
*{{USS|Lexington|NCC-1709}} (NCC-1709)
  +
*{{USS|New Jersey}} (NCC-1975)
  +
*{{USS|Potemkin|NCC-1657}} (NCC-1657) (later refit)
  +
;Alternate
  +
*{{ISS|Enterprise|NCC-1701| (NCC-1701)}} (in the [[mirror universe]])
  +
*{{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701| (NCC-1701)}} (in an [[alternate timeline]])
  +
*{{UEF|Enterprise}} (in an alternate timeline)
  +
| valign="top" width="50%" |
  +
;Unnamed
  +
*[[Constitution unnamed 000|Unnamed ''Constitution''-class starships]]
  +
;Fictional
  +
*{{USS|Ravenous}}
  +
;Uncertain:
  +
*[[NCC-1685]]
  +
*[[NCC-1697]]
  +
*[[NCC-1718]]
  +
*[[NCC-1831]]
  +
*{{USS|Kongo}} (NCC-1710)
  +
*{{USS|Republic}} (NCC-1371)
  +
*{{USS|Valiant|2259}}
  +
*{{USS|Yorktown|23rd century}}
  +
|}
   
  +
==Appendices==
  +
===Appearances===
  +
The ''Constitution''-class ''Enterprise'' appeared in every episode of [[SNW]], [[TOS]], and [[TAS]] (except for {{e|The Slaver Weapon}}). Episodes featuring other ''Constitution''-class vessels, or the ''Enterprise'' for other series, are listed below.
 
<div class="appear">
 
<div class="appear">
 
* {{TOS}}
 
* {{TOS}}
** {{e|Court Martial}} (remastered version only)
+
** {{e|Court Martial}} {{small|(remastered only)}}
** {{e|The Doomsday Machine}}
+
** {{e|The Doomsday Machine}}
 
** {{e|The Ultimate Computer}}
 
** {{e|The Ultimate Computer}}
 
** {{e|The Omega Glory}}
 
** {{e|The Omega Glory}}
 
** {{e|The Tholian Web}}
 
** {{e|The Tholian Web}}
* [[Star Trek films|''Star Trek'' films]]:
+
* {{Star Trek films}}:
** {{film|1}}
+
** {{film|1}} {{small|(painting)}}
** {{film|2}}
+
** {{film|2}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
** {{film|3}}
+
** {{film|3}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
** {{film|4}} ([[:File:Parallex matter echo.jpg|original]] and refit)
+
** {{film|4}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
** {{film|5}}
+
** {{film|7}} {{small|(painting)}}
** {{film|6}}
+
** {{film|8}} {{small|(model)}}
** {{film|7}} (painting)
+
** {{film|10}} {{small|(model)}}
** {{film|8}} (model)
 
** {{film|10}} (model)
 
 
* {{TNG}}
 
* {{TNG}}
** {{e|The Naked Now}} (graphic display, refit)
+
** {{e|The Naked Now}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
** {{e|Lonely Among Us}} (model)
+
** {{e|Haven}} {{small|(model)}}<!--which version?-->
** {{e|The Battle}} (model)
+
** {{e|Datalore}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
** {{e|Hide and Q}} (model)
+
** {{e|Booby Trap}} {{small|(model)}}
** {{e|Haven}} (model)
+
** {{e|The First Duty}} {{small|(model)}}
  +
** {{e|Relics}} {{small|(holographic recreation of bridge)}}
** {{e|The Big Goodbye}} (model)
 
** {{e|The Bonding}} (model)
 
** {{e|Booby Trap}} (model)
 
** {{e|The Best of Both Worlds, Part II}} (wreckage)
 
** {{e|The First Duty}} (model, original)
 
** {{e|Relics}}(bridge)
 
 
* {{DS9}}
 
* {{DS9}}
** {{e|Homefront}} (model)
+
** {{e|The Nagus}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
** {{e|Paradise Lost}} (model)
 
 
** {{e|Trials and Tribble-ations}}
 
** {{e|Trials and Tribble-ations}}
** {{e|What You Leave Behind}} (corridor in montage scene)
+
** {{e|What You Leave Behind}} {{small|(corridor in montage scene)}}
* {{VOY|In the Flesh}} (wall display, original and refit)
+
* {{VOY|In the Flesh}} {{small|(wall display)}}
 
* {{ENT}}
 
* {{ENT}}
 
** {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly}}
 
** {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly}}
 
** {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}
 
** {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II}}
** {{e|These Are the Voyages...}}
+
** {{e|These Are the Voyages...}} {{small|(archive footage)}}
  +
* {{DIS}}
  +
** {{e|Despite Yourself}} {{small|(display graphic)}}
  +
** {{e|Will You Take My Hand?}}
  +
** {{e|Brother}}
  +
** {{e|If Memory Serves}} {{small|(archive footage)}}
  +
** {{e|Such Sweet Sorrow}}
  +
** {{e|Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2}}
  +
* {{ST|Ephraim and Dot}}
  +
* {{PIC}}
  +
** {{e|Maps and Legends}} {{small|(hologram)}}
  +
** {{e|The Star Gazer}} {{small|(display graphic)}}<!--which version?-->
  +
** {{e|The Bounty}}
  +
** {{e|Vox}}
  +
** {{e|The Last Generation}}
  +
* {{LD}}
  +
** {{e|An Embarrassment Of Dooplers}} {{small|(photograph)}}
  +
** {{e|Crisis Point 2: Paradoxus}} {{small|(display graphic)}}<!--which version?-->
  +
* {{PRO}}
  +
** {{e|Starstruck}} {{small|(hologram)}}<!--which version?-->
  +
** {{e|All the World's a Stage}} {{small|(stageplay backdrop; holographic recreation of consoles)}}
  +
* {{SNW}}
  +
** {{e|Spock Amok}}
  +
** {{e|A Quality of Mercy}}
  +
** {{e|Among the Lotus Eaters}}
  +
** {{e|Subspace Rhapsody}} {{small|(interior only)}}
  +
** {{e|Hegemony}}
 
</div>
 
</div>
   
 
=== Background information ===
 
=== Background information ===
  +
==== Name {{anchor|footnote 1}} ====
[[File:Technical journal.jpg|thumb|An early computer graphic listed the first mention of the name of the ''Constitution''-class]]
 
  +
For information on the origin of the ''Constitution''-class designation, please see {{class|Starship}}.
The name "''Constitution''-class" originated with the script for {{TOS|Space Seed}}. Scene 44 of the Second Revised Final Draft for "Space Seed," dated December 13, 1966 has the following content:
 
   
  +
==== Interiors ====
44 ANGLE ON SICK BAY VIEWER
 
  +
{{See-list|Constitution class sets||''Constitution''-class sets}}.
   
  +
==== Size {{anchor|footnote 2}} ====
It is covered with mathematical symbols and diagrams. CAMERA PULLS BACK to show Khan studying with great concentration. He pushes a button. Another transparency appears: a chapter heading, reading: BASIC SPECIFICATIONS, CONSTITUTION CLASS STAR SHIP.
 
  +
{| class="wiki-sidebar"
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[File:USS Enterprise NCC-1701 finalized plan.jpg|360px]]
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="2" |<center>Jefferies' detailed size plan views he created for AMT</center>
  +
|-
  +
| colspan="1" align="center" |[[File:D7-class and Enterprise scale drawings.jpg|180px]]
  +
| colspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Constitution-D7 class comparison.jpg|180px]][[File:Constitution-D7 class comparison 2.jpg|180px]]
  +
|-
  +
| class="even" |<center>Jefferies' size comparison graphics production art…</center>
  +
| class="even" |<center>…as featured in "The Enterprise Incident"</center>
  +
|}
  +
The length of the ''Constitution''-class had for over half a century been accepted as being 947 feet (289 meters) long, a figure once propagated across nearly all contemporaneous [[reference works]] dealing with the subject, beginning with [[Stephen Edward Poe]]'s [[reference book]], ''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', p. 178. The origin of the graphic used was designer [[Matt Jefferies]], who had originally produced the graphic in 1967 not for the actual ''Original Series'' production, but as a reference for Poe's employer, [[Star Trek model kits|model kit]] company [[Aluminum Metal Toys]] (AMT) for their 1968 second edition retooled USS ''Enterprise'' model kit, No. S951 &ndash; where the graphic was displayed on the side of the box. Prior to this, a specific length for the starship had not been solidly defined as producer [[Gene Roddenberry]]'s memo of 24 August 1964 evidenced, "''We anticipate a final design might see the ship as 200 feet in length, and thus even a 1&frac12;-inch scale would give us quite a huge [[Studio model|miniature]].''" This early estimate, initially accompanied with an intended crew complement of 203, would more or less stand until Jefferies utilized his engineering background to recalculate the figures for his design three years later (''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', pp. 89, 134).
   
  +
The first brief onscreen indication of scale occurred when two ship size comparison graphics were featured in the ''Original Series'' [[TOS Season 3|third season]] episode {{e|The Enterprise Incident}}. The two computer console graphics, also created by Jefferies, showed a ''Constitution''-class vessel in comparison with the {{class|D7}}, along with a barely discernible yardstick. Careful measurement of the production art using that yardstick produces a figure close to but not entirely congruent with other sources, placing the ''Constitution''-class vessel as depicted here at 900 feet (274 meters). Jefferies later sold this original art, including that created for AMT, in the [[Profiles in History]] ''[[The Star Trek Auction]]'' of 12 December 2001, in order to raise funding for the {{w|Motion Picture & Television Fund}} charity.
A graphic was constructed for this script direction, but ulimately it was not used in the episode. However, the graphic did finally get used in {{TOS|The Trouble with Tribbles}}. The name first appears in [[canon]] productions only as an unreadable graphic on a [[computer]] screen of a [[phaser]] diagram from [[Scotty]]'s [[technical journal]], in {{TOS|The Trouble with Tribbles}}. Authors of [[reference works]] such as the ''[[Star Fleet Technical Manual]]'' were privy to scripts' contents, and to the fact that ''Enterprise'' herself was ''Constitution''-class, even though it had never been mentioned in dialog or been readable on screen. ''Technical Manual'' drawings by [[Franz Joseph]] with the class name appeared on screen, again mostly unreadable, in {{film|2}} and {{film|3}}. These were the first occasions a canonical production assigned the ''Constitution'' name to the class design of the ''Enterprise''. {{film|4}} assigned this class name to the [[refit]] ''Enterprise'' as well, although some [[production staff]] previously and, apparently, unofficially called that design {{Class|Enterprise}}. The name ''Enterprise''-class was also used in reference to the refitted ''Enterprise'' and the ''Enterprise''-A in ''[[Mr. Scott's Guide to the Enterprise]]''. However, that particular book is not considered canonical. The class name wasn't mentioned in dialog until {{y|1987}}'s ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' episode {{e|The Naked Now}}. The name has been mentioned numerous times and been more prominently visible in later series and episodes referencing ships of the TOS and movies design.
 
   
  +
{{dthumb|File:USS Enterprise details and specs.jpg|File:Paul Stamets at USS Discovery's bridge engineering station.jpg|The excised ''Enterprise'' specs graphic shot in "Brother"&hellip;|&hellip;partially visible elsewhere in the episode}}
==== Registry number ====
 
  +
With the return of the class to the limelight as redesigned for its {{s|DIS}} and {{s|SNW}} appearances, a new set of specific dimensions were established onscreen in a recurring manner for the first time. Most easily seen during {{SNW|Memento Mori}}, a length of 442 meters (1450 feet), width of 201 meters, and height of 93 meters can be identified on the [[dedication plaque]] of the ''Constitution''-class USS ''Enterprise'' as it was in 2259. Of the 53% increase from the prior reference material figures, ''Discovery'' Production Designer [[Tamara Deverell]] said following its debut, "''Overall, I think we expanded the length of it to be within the world of our Discovery, which is bigger, so we did cheat it as a larger ship.''" {{TrekMovie.com|2018/03/24/7-things-we-learned-about-star-trek-discovery-season-2-at-wondercon-visionaries-panel}} In the redesign's debut episode {{e|Brother}}, Deverall intended to leave behind what she called an "Easter egg for the fans" in the form of a {{USS|Discovery}} bridge display screen which stated the prior reference dimensions of 288.6 meters long, 127.1 meters wide, and 72.6 meters high, taken from [[Franz Joseph]]'s ''[[Star Fleet Technical Manual]]''. A full view establishing shot of the complete graphic on a freestanding bridge monitor screen, featuring these figures, was filmed but eventually trimmed from the episode as aired. However, the graphic remained partially visible on two other ''Discovery'' bridge station computer screens; [[Joann Owosekun]]'s [[ops station]] and [[Paul Stamets]]' [[engineering station]], {{TrekMovie.com|2019/02/10/star-trek-discovery-designers-show-concept-art-and-talk-changing-sets-uss-enterprise-and-more}} legible in the latter case.
[[Matt Jefferies]] was, apart from designing the ship, also responsible for the famous [[registry]] number ''NCC 1701''. As he explains:"''Since the 1920's, N has indicated the United States in Navy terms, and C means 'commercial' vessel. I added an extra C just for fun. Interestingly, Russia's designation is CCC. So The N and C together made it kind of international. After that, I had to pick some numbers. They had to be easily identifiable from a distance, so that eliminated 3, 8 , 6, 9 and 4-none of which is that clear from a distance, That didn't leave much! So 1701 was as good a choice as any. The reason we gave for the choice afterwards was that the "Enterprise" was the 17th major design of the Federation, and the first in the series. 17-01!''".(''[[Star Trek: The Original Series Sketchbook]]'', page 62). "''(...)which, incidentally and coincidentally, happens to be very close to the licence number on my airplane-NC-17740. But I have never really stepped out and squashed the rumor that the number on the "Enterprise" came off my airplane.''"(''[[Star Trek: The Magazine Volume 1, Issue 10]]'', page 26)
 
   
  +
[[File:USS Cayuga CGI Wireframe.jpg|thumb|The ''Constitution''-class USS ''Cayuga'']]
====Ship's operations graphics====
 
  +
The revised class dimensions continue to be referenced in later appearances, such as in {{SNW|All Those Who Wander}} on a [[:File:USS Peregrine file.jpg|graphic]] for the {{class|Sombra}} derivative, which used the same space frame as the ''Constitution''. On 12 August 2023, the database graphic appearing in {{SNW|Hegemony}} for the {{USS|Cayuga}} was posted with clarity by Motion Graphics Designer [[Tim Peel]] on his Twitter account, establishing that ''Constitution''-class ship as being 442 meters long, 192 meters wide and 93 meters high. {{Twitter|timothypeel1/status/1690360805903007744}} A length of 442.06 meters for the USS ''Enterprise'' was cited within the [[Eaglemoss Collections]] reference publications as well.
Though production wise the term "[[master systems display]]" (MSD) was only introduced in ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', several episodes and movies established that graphics and schematics, sharing some similarities with a MSD, were already in use in in the ''The Original Series'', and the first six ''[[Star Trek films]]'', both wall mounted as well as computer console read-outs
 
   
  +
====Ships of the class {{anchor|footnote 3}}====
=====Original configuration operations graphics=====
 
  +
After the [[TOS Season 1|first season]] had concluded its run, it dawned upon ''Original Series'' producers [[Robert H. Justman]] and [[D.C. Fontana]] that a need had arisen to keep track of the already mentioned ''Constitution''-class starships for future production reference. After some corresponding with suggestions to and fro, a definitive name list of vessels belonging to the, then still called Starship-class, was agreed upon by the producers (dutifully carried over to the decal sheet of AMT's 1968 re-issue USS ''Enterprise'' model kit) at the start of the series' second season, and comprised the following vessels (''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', pp. 163-165),
[[File:Graphic situated next to the bridge turbolift.jpg|thumb|Graphic situated next to the bridge turbolift.]]
 
  +
{| width="100%"
[[File:Constitution class hull pressure compartment's graphic design by Matt Jefferies.jpg|thumb|left|Jefferies' original display graphic design]]
 
  +
| width="33%" valign="top" |
The best known of these graphics was the large rudimentary graphic situated on the bulkhead right next to the [[turbolift]] doors on the bridge (on the left when entering the lift from the bridge). That graphic was designed and fabricated by Matt Jefferies. Ironic is that, due to its background position on the set, a more detailed view was only afforded in {{e|The Naked Time}}, though the graphic could be seen throughout the entire run of the series. Lacking a caption, it can not be ascertained with certainty what the in red emphasized sections signify, though obvious candidates are [[turboshaft]]s or [[Jefferies tube]]s. Drexler apparently proceeded from the former assumption as he situated the turbolift shafts on his graphic exactly on the same locations as the original graphic.
 
  +
<center>D.C. Fontana's<ref>Aside from the remarks behind several of the names, Fontana further annotated on her memo, "''Alternates include the names of some famous fighting ships of the past, plus a couple of international variations we might consider, Star Fleet being composed of a united service.''"</ref> proposal 8 August 1967</center>
  +
*''Enterprise''
  +
*''Exeter''
  +
*''Essex''
  +
*''Excalibur''
  +
*''Lexington''
  +
* ''Yorktown''
  +
*''Endeavor''
  +
* ''El Dorado''
  +
*''Excelsior''
  +
*''Saratoga''
  +
*''Constellation'' (destroyed in "Doomsday Machine." Presume she would be replaced by Starfleet)
  +
*''Hornet''
  +
*''Wasp''
  +
*''Farragut'' (mentioned as destroyed in "Obsession")
  +
*''Hood''
  +
*''Bonhomme Richard''
  +
*''Monitor'' or ''Merrimac'', depending upon your loyalties
  +
*''Tori'' ("bird" [note: in Japanese])
  +
*''Lafayette''
  +
*''Ari'' ("lion" [note: in Hebrew])
  +
*''Krieger'' ("warrior" [note: in German])
  +
| width="33%" valign="top" |
  +
<center>Justman's<ref>Justman noted in his memo, "''I think there would be several other candidates, such as ''Saratoga'' and perhaps another English [[Aircraft carrier|carrier]], a {{w|French aircraft carrier La Fayette (R96)|French carrier}}, a Russian carrier and certainly a Japanese carrier ''[note: though the ultimately chosen {{wt|Japanese battleship Kongō|Kongo}} was in reality a World War I and II -era Japanese battleship, as were the British {{w|HMS Hood (51)|HMS ''Hood''}} and Russian {{wt|Russian battleship Potemkin|Potemkin}}, whereas, with the exception of the ''Excalibur'' and the ''Endeavor'', all other by Justman proposed names were those of World War II aircraft carriers, the {{wt|USS Constellation (CV-64)|Constellation}} being an at the time recent US post-war carrier]''. In addition, I think a name ought to be made up that would be of Vulcan origin ''[note: though not adopted, some of Justman's notion was carried over to having the ''Intrepid'' a crew that was almost entirely composed of Vulcans].''"''</ref> proposal 9 August 1967</center>
  +
*''Enterprise''
  +
*''Essex''<ref name="almost">Remarkably, the vessel nearly made the final cut as it was already referenced to in first script draft dialogue treatment, dated 30 September 1967, page 64, for the second season episode {{e|Journey to Babel}}, which contained a line having [[Lieutenant]] [[Uhura]] state, "''[[Starfleet Command]] confirms alien attack on the other starships, sir. The enemy was defeated. Starships ''Essex'' and ''Eagle'' suffered heavy damage, but will make base.''" The reference to the ''Essex'' and the ''Eagle'' though, was dropped from the episode as aired, indicating that it was not until after September 1967 that the final list was composed. {{el|trekplace.com/article10.html}} {{USS|Eagle}} however, resurfaced as a {{class|Constitution II}} vessel a quarter of a century later in {{film|6}}, referenced on the "[[Operation Retrieve]]" briefing charts, courtesy of [[Michael Okuda]].</ref>
  +
* ''Excalibur''
  +
*''Lexington''
  +
* ''Yorktown''
  +
*''Endeavor''
  +
*''Eagle''<ref name="almost" />
  +
* ''Constellation''
  +
*''Hornet''
  +
*''Wasp''
  +
*''Lafayette''
  +
| width="33%" valign="top" |
  +
<center>Definitive list as utilized at the start of Season 2</center>
  +
*''Enterprise''
  +
*''Exeter''
  +
*''Excalibur''
  +
*''Lexington''
  +
*''Yorktown''
  +
*''Potemkin''
  +
*''Republic''
  +
* ''Hood''
  +
*''Constitution''<ref name="unreferenced">The ''Constitution'' and ''Kongo'' were the only vessels on the final list that have not been referenced to in any form or format in the ''Original/Animated Series'' beyond their inclusion on the list and, obviously, besides the class designation itself. However, a "NCC-1700" registry, presumed to be ''Constitution''{{'}}s as the class vessel by fanon ever since (most conspicuously by [[Gregory Jein]] in his influential "[[The Case of Jonathan Doe Starship]]" article), had been referenced in the prior episode {{e|Court Martial}}, but the name/registry combination has never been established in [[canon]].</ref>
  +
*''Kongo''<ref name="unreferenced" />
  +
* ''Constellation''
  +
*''Farragut''<ref>It was until 2022 generally assumed by both production staff and reference book authors alike (Michael Okuda among them in all editions of his {{ste}}) that ''Farragut'' was a class member. That notion became ultimately dispelled in canon in 2022 when the {{type|Farragut}} {{USS|Farragut|NCC-1647}} was shown as belonging to an altogether different starship class in the {{s|SNW}} [[SNW Season 1|first season]] episode {{e|A Quality of Mercy}}. Incidentally, after having been featured in later ''Star Trek'' live-action productions, the ''Cayuga'', ''Defiant'' and ''New Jersey'' became subsequent confirmed class additions in canon, as was NCC-1700 for that matter &ndash; albeit without a corresponding name in the latter case.</ref>
  +
*''Valiant''
  +
*''Intrepid''
  +
|}
  +
{{small|<references />}}
   
  +
==== Saucer separation====
[[File:Hull pressure comp'ts on the bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Hull pressure comp'ts console on the bridge of the USS ''Enterprise ''(right)]]
 
  +
A [[saucer separation]] capability for the ''Constitution''-class was suggested as early as the second season of the ''Original Series'' in the original script of its episode {{e|The Apple}}, but was never produced as no ''Original Series'' script has ever actually called for one. The capability was however envisioned by the producers, "''Designed to operate separately from the rest of the ship, the saucer therefore contains all elements necessary for independent operation.''" (''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', p. 171) The intent made it even into the official series' internal writer's guide, ''{{dis|The Star Trek Guide|production document}}'' (third revision, page 15 of the supplement and generally dubbed the "''Writer's Bible''"), where the saucer section was described to be "''in fact a completely self-sustaining unit which can detach itself from the galaxy drive units and operate on atomic impulse power for short range solar system exploration.''" {{el|leethomson.myzen.co.uk/Star_Trek/1_Original_Series/Star_Trek_TOS_Writer's_Guide.pdf}}
[[File:Hull pressure compartments.jpg|thumb|Hull pressure comp'ts on the computer console]]
 
Two smaller back-lit variations of the graphic, labeled "[[hull pressure compartment|Hull pressure comp'ts]]", also appeared in ''TOS''. One was first seen on the workstation left of the [[communications]] station on the bridge in {{e|Where No Man Has Gone Before}} and later on the [[engineering]] workstation in {{e|Errand of Mercy}}, the second variation was seen on a computer console in {{e|Day of the Dove}}. The first variation showed up as [http://archive.propworx.com/1008/3 Lot #03] on 8 August 2010 in the [[Star_Trek_auctions#Propworx.2C_Inc.|Propworx]] "''The Official Star Trek Prop and Costume [[Star Trek auctions|Auction]]''", estimated at US$10,000-$20,000, where it sold for US$14,000. It was resold for US$20,000 ($24,600 including buyers premium) in the 2012 [[Star_Trek auctions#Profiles in History|Profiles in History]]'s [[Star Trek auctions#Hollywood Auction 49|Hollywood Auction 49]] as Lot 914, having been estimated at US$20,000-$30,000. The second one is discussed in ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series Sketchbook]]'', page 113, where it is revealed that that graphic was taken out of a bridge console and photographed in the computer console, but due to an oversight was not put back and never used again. It consequently ended up in Jefferies' possession, who eventually sold it as Lot 176, with an estimate of US$3,000-$5,000 in Profile's [[Star Trek auctions#Hollywood Auction 10: The Star Trek Auction|The ''Star Trek'' Auction]], on 12 December 2001. In the same auction, Jefferies' original production drawing, that served as basis for the graphics, was also sold as Lot 87, having had an estimate of US$1,000-$2,000.
 
   
  +
====Retconned design====
[[File:USS Defiant (NCC-1764) schematic.jpg|thumb|A schematic of the starship {{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764| (NCC-1764)}}]]
 
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise profile view, 2254-R.jpg|thumb|The ''Constitution''-class as it appears in TOS-R "The Cage"]]
A cut-away schematic appeared in {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly}} on the {{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764}}'s bridge, was a graphic originally produced by [[Doug Drexler]] for the ''[[Star Trek: Captain's Chair]]'' CD-rom.{{DrexFiles|2009/10/11/1701-cutaway/}} It was used unaltered for the episode and situated main [[engineering]] in the secondary hull, though that was never firmly established in the ''Original Series''. ''"[[Matt Jefferies|Matt]] and I talked about this. He thought having engineering in the primary hull defeated the whole idea. You wanted to be able to get rid of it if you had to. Besides, why put engineering any place else other than the engineering section? There was an Impulse deck in the Primary Hull.''", Drexler later rationalized.{{DrexFiles|2009/02/09/never-on-xindi/#comment-1143}} As for the layout of the warp engines, akin to that of the refit, he elaborated, "''We didn't speak specifically about that. But obviously a huge exchange of energy was taking place behind that hex grill in Engineering, within the ship. We also know that the Dilithium crystals came up out of the floor in the main engineering room (that tells me the warp core is horizontal and lives under there. In my mind, it extends all the way back under the amazing cathedral manifold). We know that all the ships power is being pulled through these crystals, and we know they aren't in the nacelles. So the engineering hull is designed to split from the primary hull. Something nasty is happening in the warp nacelles as well, and they are designed to jettison.''"{{DrexFiles|2009/02/09/never-on-xindi/#comment-1145}}
 
  +
There have been three different renditions of the original design:
   
  +
The [[Constitution class model (original)|first model]], used in the original pilot "The Cage", featured a larger bridge dome and sensor/deflector dish, and spikes on the Bussard collectors, among other minor differences. The second configuration, used in the second pilot, and throughout the rest of the series due to footage being reused, was similar to the first version, with the addition of running lights, additional markings, and a grille pattern on the rear of each engine nacelle.
====Studio models====
 
:''See: [[Constitution class model]]''
 
   
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise (NCC-1701), ENT.jpg|thumb|left|The ''Constitution''-class as it appears in TOS-R]]
====Interiors====
 
  +
''The version used for the production of the regular series had a smaller bridge dome, a smaller sensor/deflector dish, and lighting effects in the Bussard collectors, which had their antenna spikes removed. The remastered edition of TOS replaced the anomalous stock shots in later episodes with the proper configuration.''
=====Designing the bridge=====
 
[[File:Jefferies bridge sketch.jpg|thumb|Matt Jefferies' bridge floorplan]]
 
Concerning the design of the ''Enterprise''{{'}}s bridge, Jefferies explained, "''It was pretty well established with the model that the thing was going to be in a full circle. From there it became a question of how we were going to make it, how it could come apart, where the cameraman could get into it.''" Further clarifying his thought processes, Jefferies continued:
 
<blockquote>"I decided that the crewman would work like in the navy, so often would be on for four hours, off eight hours, and it had better be comfortable. The switches would all be so that the crewman doesn't have to reach for anything. Each of the viewing screens would be at right-angles to his eyes, and we drew a full size section of the bridge that way. I wanted an all-black instrument panel that would light up from behind which is pretty much what we came up with. I did all of the artwork on each one of the instruments, and got the negative, put the color on the negative and mounted 'em under black glass. I was still assembling those things on one side of the bridge when they were shooting the other side...." [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/st/interviews/jefferies/page8.shtml]</blockquote>
 
   
  +
[[File:USS Enterprise, 2257.jpg|thumb|The ''Constitution''-class as it appears in DIS]]
Jefferies' taking a cue from the Navy's operating procedures had a real life reciprocated effect as the Navy took a cue form his bridge design, "''Gene called me one day and said there were some navy officers that wanted information on the bridge and why we did it the way we did. So they came in &ndash; a commander and a lieutenant &ndash; and we treated them to lunch, and I showed them the drawing and pulled the blueprints for them, and they got to look at he bridge itself. We got a nice letter the following week thanking us, and about a year later another thank-you letter saying that the information had led to the design of a new master communications center at NAS San Diego. And they would like to invite me down to see it, but unfortunately it was classified. I didn't bother to tell them that I still had an ultra top secret clearance from work I had done when I was in Washington before coming out here!''". ({{STTM|1|11}}, p. 21)
 
  +
A new, more radically [[Constitution class model (retcon)|redesigned model]] for the ''Constitution''-class USS ''Enterprise'' was introduced in "Will You Take My Hand?". After briefly considering a radical departure from previous depictions, the designers of this new model instead aimed "''to get as close as possible to the original''", yet add "''the sleek, unique ''Discovery'' look to it.''" While ''Discovery'' used this new model for all "current" depictions of the class, the "previously on" opening sequence of the ''Discovery'' episode "If Memory Serves" however, utilized an original shot of the ''Original Series'' version (instead of the actual pilot version) for the events of "The Cage" and ''not'' the newly redesigned one. A holographic image of the ''Discovery'' version of the ''Enterprise'' was later featured in the {{s|PIC}} episode {{e|Maps and Legends}} as well.
   
  +
The ''Enterprise'' was redesigned for {{s|DIS}} to look more up to date for a modern television audience. The designers first increased the [[#Size|size of the ship]] to better match with the ''Discovery'' so it wouldn't look too small. The team then began redesigning by drawing ten sketches of the ship to show how the ship could be altered. The final product was an ''Enterprise'' that fitted with the new aesthetic of ''Discovery'', but kept close to the original.
The original set was reportedly constructed at a cost of close to $60,000, and took six weeks to complete from conception to construction. (''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', p. 106)
 
   
  +
The two ''Star Trek'' veteran re-designers of the new ''Enterprise'', [[John Eaves]] and [[Scott Schneider]], theorized that their new ''Enterprise'' could be refitted to become the original, as they had designed the new ship to look less advanced than the TOS series production version from the 1960s. {{trekmovie.com|2019/03/24/how-the-uss-enterprise-was-redesigned-for-star-trek-discovery}}
A set of similar design was used for the bridges of the ''Enterprise'' and ''Enterprise''-A in the first six ''Star Trek'' films. [[William Shatner]], director on {{film|5}}, had been so impressed with [[Herman Zimmerman]]'s work on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation|The Next Generation]]'' as production designer that he hired Zimmerman to upgrade the ''Enterprise'' interiors for the film. Hence, the upgraded bridge from the movie resembles the bright atmosphere portrayed in ''The Next Generation''. (''[[The Art of Star Trek]]'', p. 249) For {{film|6}}, however, the bridge was once more redesigned to reflect director [[Nicholas Meyer]]'s more militaristic approach on ''Star Trek''.
 
   
  +
While the ''Discovery'' series itself has shied away from explaining in canon the in-universe visual configuration differences of ''Enterprise'' between "The Cage" and the ''Original Series'', an attempt was made to do so in the 2019 officially licensed in-universe reference book ''[[Star Trek: The USS Enterprise NCC-1701 & 1701-A Illustrated Handbook]]'', where it followed the reasoning of the two co-redesigners by implying that the upgrades were a temporary measure to meet the crisis situation if the ship was called upon to perform as a "last resort" in the Federation-Klingon War. Page 34 had it stated that "''[m]any of the ''Enterprise''{{'}}s systems had been augmented and enhanced for the mission, to ensure the ship was capable of withstanding any exceptional and extreme conditions in the extreme regions it was exploring,''" continuing to explain the alterations. Page 54 further implied &ndash; rather implausibly, as Kirk's mission was every bit as "exceptional" and "extreme" as Pike's had been &ndash; that these alterations were no longer deemed necessary for the subsequent five-year mission under Kirk, and that the ship was therefore returned to the "The Cage"-era configuration, though some upgrades under Pike were "retained", which included the dispensing with of the "spikes" on the Bussard collector caps and the smaller deflector dish.
The set has also doubled as the ''Reliant'' bridge ({{film|2}}), ''Grissom'' bridge ({{film|3}}), the first version of the ''Enterprise''-D [[battle bridge]] ({{TNG|Encounter at Farpoint}}, {{TNG|The Arsenal of Freedom}}), the ''Excelsior'' bridge ({{film|6}}; {{VOY|Flashback}}), ''Saratoga'' bridge ({{DS9|Emissary}}), ''Enterprise''-B bridge ({{film|7}}), the [[Amargosa observatory]]'s control center ({{film|7}}), a Romulan warbird bridge ({{DS9|The Die is Cast}}), the ''Prometheus'' bridge ({{VOY|Ship in a Bottle}}), ''Raven'' bridge ({{VOY|Dark Frontier}}) and ''Equinox'' bridge ({{VOY|Equinox}}). ([[text commentary]], ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture (The Director's Edition)]]'')
 
   
  +
Shortly before its introduction in the [[DIS Season 1|season one]] closing episode {{e|Will You Take My Hand?}} though, Executive Producer [[Alex Kurtzman]] implied that, despite the [[canon]] appearances of the classic design in both {{DIS|Despite Yourself|If Memory Serves}} (albeit as a mirror universe adapted wireframe graphic only in the former case), the redesigned ''Constitution''-class was henceforth the canonnical one and therefore intended as the definitive replacement of Matt Jefferies' classic design
=====Designing the ''Motion Picture'' ''Enterprise'' interiors=====
 
  +
<blockquote>
[[File:Officers lounge location.jpg|thumb|Probert's suggestion for the officers' lounge location]]
 
  +
Obviously ''[Discovery]'' looks more modern than ''The Original Series'', because we are in a modern world now and if we made the show look that way people would not feel that it was worth the money. That being said, every prop and costume design is filtered through what existed at the time. And do we create the new version of it or do we augment the original design in very subtle ways or do we just leave it alone? And when I say every prop and design choice I mean ''every'' ''[note: "every" emphasized]'' prop and design choice. So, I think you will see a lot of tips of the hat to devices to ''The Original Series'' and the timeline. But, obviously we wanted to create a more modern experience and that necessitated certain adjustments. {{TrekMovie.com|2017/10/06/exclusive-alex-kurtzman-on-pushing-edges-of-canon-and-planting-seeds-for-star-trek-discovery-season-2}}
[[File:Officers lounge concept.jpg|thumb|left|Officers' lounge concept art]]
 
  +
</blockquote>
One of Andrew Probert's key concerns as production illustrator on ''The Motion Picture'' was that the sets built somehow conformed to the structure of the starship they were supposed to exist within. Here we see Probert's development sketches for an officer's lounge in the saucer section's upper dome. Probert's concept art was, however, not used for the movie, and a much cheaper set was constructed for the scene.
 
  +
[[File:Ephraim and the USS Enterprise.jpg|thumb|Kirk's retconned ship in "Ephraim and Dot"]]Pursuant the introduction Production Designer Tamara Deverell has added more specifically, "''For the ''Enterprise'', we based it initially off of ''The Original Series''. We were really drawing a lot of our materials from that. And then we particularly went to more of the Star Trek movies, which is a little bit fatter, a little bit bigger. Overall, I think we expanded the length of it to be within the world of our Discovery, which is bigger, so we did cheat it as a larger ship.''" {{TrekMovie.com|2018/03/24/7-things-we-learned-about-star-trek-discovery-season-2-at-wondercon-visionaries-panel}} The showrunner's implied intent had already accrued credence when the redesign appeared as Kirk's ''Original Series'' ship in the {{s|ST}} episode {{e|Ephraim and Dot}} shortly before its holographic reappearance, for all intent and purposes the first actual [[retcon]]ning of the ship in canon &ndash; which, incidentally, was all the more remarkable as the interiors shown in that episode adhered more closely to the ones as seen in ''The Original Series''.
   
  +
When redesigning the ''Enterprise'' for ''Strange New Worlds'', the designers overhauled the windows on the saucer section because at the end of ''Star Trek: Discovery'' the front of the saucer section had been destroyed during the battle against Control. The overall majority of the model was kept the same, though the bridge window was reduced in size to not be so big and exposed. {{el|filmandfurniture.com/2022/08/exclusive-the-star-trek-strange-new-worlds-enterprise-fuses-midcentury-design-with-scifi-futurism-part-1}}
[[File:TMP Enterprise cut.jpg|thumb|left|Cutaway sketch]]
 
Probert's main contribution for the ''Enterprise'' interior came in the form of the vessel's cargo deck, thoughts on which had already been visualized by veteran [[Mike Minor]], before Probert had a chance to address it. Minor worked at the Paramount lot, while Probert was at the [[Robert Abel & Associates]] special effects facility, designing various pieces of space hardware.
 
   
  +
Yet, it were the [[PIC Season 3|season three]] showrunners of {{s|PIC}}, staunch [[Trekkie|''Original Series'' fans]] to a man, who rendered moot whatever intentions there might have been, if any, for the classic ''Original Series'' Jefferies design, by visually inserting it into the episodes {{PIC|The Bounty|Võx|The Last Generation}} in the guise of {{USS|New Jersey}}. By doing so, they effectively validated the theory retcon designers Eaves (who had worked in a similar capacity on ''Picard'' as well) and Schneider had put forward four years earlier.
The thinking, then at Paramount under production designer Harold Michelson, was that the cargo bay would be a space 30 feet high that had two walls with twelve holes containing cargo pods. Mike Minor's cargo deck design shows us cargo pods simply stacked or lined up on the deck, leaving a huge open and unused space above. The walkways along the sides were also rather old fashioned looking.
 
   
  +
====Studio models====
The image to the right shows the plate of the cargo deck scene, filmed from [[James T. Kirk|Kirk]]'s perspective as he enters the new ''Enterprise''. What Andrew Probert was required to do was to get a frame of plate film and have it printed at a pre-determined size. Part of this frame, required for the live action elements, would be cut out and pasted to a piece of illustration board. The remaining blank board, intended to be the matte, would then be painted around that piece, blending the two together.
 
  +
For further information on both original, and retcon redesign ''Constitution''-class [[studio model]]s, please see respectively,
  +
*[[Constitution class model (original)|''Constitution''-class model (TOS)]]
  +
*[[Constitution class model (retcon)|''Constitution''-class model (Discovery)]]
   
  +
===Apocrypha===
Following a discussion with [[Douglas Trumbull]] examining the logic of the early cargo deck concepts, this elevation sketch of the ''Enterprise'' was drawn by Andrew Probert upon Trumbull's question how the pods would get in and out of the cargo deck. What Probert proposed was that the landing bay and cargo deck be connected, allowing the easy passage of cargo trains.
 
  +
[[File:Star Trek blueprints, sheet 1.jpg|thumb|Joseph's alternatives for the 14 ''Original Series'' "Connies"]]
  +
Although not considered canon, several sources have produced a long list of ''Constitution''-class starships. The main source was Franz Joseph's aforementioned ''Star Fleet Technical Manual'', which listed over one hundred ''Constitution''-class ships divided into subclasses: ''Constitution'', ''Bonhomme Richard'', ''Achernar'', and ''Tikopai''. Ships of the class were later expanded by other publications such as ''[[Ships of the Star Fleet]]'' which included the ''Endeavour'', ''Enterprise'', and ''Enterprise'' (II) subclasses. It should be noted that Joseph incorporated all the ship names the ''Original Series'' producers had originally proposed at the start of the second season, and had only these listed in his ''[[Star Trek Blueprints]]'' companion publication.
   
  +
''Constitution''-class vessels are prominently featured in [[fan film]] productions like ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Star Trek: Phase II|Star Trek: Phase II]]'', ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Starship Exeter|Starship Exeter]]'' (where the USS ''Kongo'' has actually performed a saucer separation in its second episode), ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Starship Farragut|Starship Farragut]]'', and ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Star Trek: Of Gods and Men|Of Gods and Men]]''.
The idea was that shuttles would normally take off from and land in the landing bay. They then could be lowered to the Hanger Bay level, or lowered another level to shuttle maintenance. A multi-paneled two-story door, between the elevators and cargo bay, has been opened to the sides allowing the transfer of cargo.
 
   
  +
===External links===
The design was used in the next five films as the ''Enterprise'' and the ''Enterprise'' NCC-1701-A. It was intended to reveal in ''[[Star Trek: The First Adventure]]'' that the familar design was a refit: originally the ''Enterprise'' had no secondary hull, and bore a striking similarity to an {{Class|NX}} ship.
 
  +
* {{startrek.com|database_article/constitution-class-starship|''Constitution''-class|external}}
 
  +
*{{mbeta||''Constitution''-class}}
====Saucer separation====
 
A [[saucer separation]] was suggested in the original script of TOS episode "The Apple" but not produced due to budgeting. The capability was however envisioned by the producers, "''Designed to operate separately from the rest of the ship, the saucer therefore contains all elements necessary for independent operation.''" (''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', p. 171)
 
 
[[File:Probert separation 2.jpg|thumb|left|TMP saucer separation concept]]
 
[[File:Probert separation 1.jpg|thumb|TMP saucer separation concept]]
 
Another saucer separation sequence was envisioned by [[Andrew Probert]] in 1978 when the script for {{film|1}} was in flux. During a lull in script development Probert came up with an alternative scene in which [[V'Ger]] releases a Klingon battle cruiser. Upon re-materialization the Klingons true to their nature immediately attack the ''Enterprise''. During the battle Kirk is forced to a perform a maneuver akin to Riker's in {{e|The Best of Both Worlds, Part II}}. [[Douglas Trumbull]] liked the idea and had Probert draw up color story-boards to show the sequence. Some of the story-boards were published in {{STTM|1|22}}, page 132 and in ''[[The Art of Star Trek]]'', pages 198-199. Probert's concept was not entirely a flight of fancy as the actual studio model was constructed in such a way that a saucer separation could be filmed if the need arose. (''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion]]'', 3rd ed., page 9) Probert himself remarked in this regard, "''The ''Enterprise'' was always designed to separate from the Engineering section. I knew about this when I did ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture''. And if you look at the bottom of Kirk's ''Enterprise'' ''{rem: original configuration]'', you'll notice two triangular items, which are two of the landing feet for the saucer. Regardless of whether it was Matt Jefferies' original intention or not, it's sort of the way that "Trekdom" or "Star Trek lore" has labeled those features. So taking my cue from that for ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture'', I placed four landing legs in the bottom of the ''Enterprise'' and crated a very specific separation line on the dorsal.''" (''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation USS Enterprise NCC-1701-D Blueprints]]'', accompanying booklet, p. 8)
 
 
=== Footnotes ===
 
[[File:Constitution primary phaser.jpg|thumb|Phaser technical diagram from "Space Seed"]]
 
<sup>1</sup> '''"Starship"-class''': If you read the dedication plaque on the bridge of the original ''Enterprise'', it was actually listed as "Starship Class". The term "''Constitution''-class" originated with the script for {{e|Space Seed}}. Scene 44 of the Second Revised Final Draft for "Space Seed," dated December 13, 1966 has the following content:
 
 
44 ANGLE ON SICK BAY VIEWER
 
 
It is covered with mathematical symbols and diagrams. CAMERA PULLS BACK to show Khan studying with great concentration. He pushes a button. Another transparency appears: a chapter heading, reading: BASIC SPECIFICATIONS, CONSTITUTION CLASS STAR SHIP.
 
 
The graphic that was constructed for this script direction but which was ulimately not used in the episode. did get used in the episode {{e|The Trouble with Tribbles}}, where the display that [[Montgomery Scott|Scotty]] is reading shows a phaser bank diagram for a "''Constitution''-class" starship according to an article by [[Greg Jein]] in a {{y|1975}} [[fan fiction|fanzine]]. Although this scripted reference was "understood" to have established ''Constitution''-class by production staff, the first time it was actually referred to as such was by Captain [[Jean-Luc Picard]] in {{TNG|The Naked Now}}. In {{e|In a Mirror, Darkly}} the [[Dedication plaque]] of the {{USS|Defiant (NCC-1764)}} clearly states that she belongs to the ''Constitution''-class (In {{e|The Tholian Web}}, the plaque, which was of course ''Enterprise''{{'}}s, could not be seen due to deliberate camera angles). Not being one of the ships listed in the original final names list as reproduced in ''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'' (p. 165), used by the production team of [[TOS]], and although not being [[canon]], this suggested two things; Firstly ''Starfleet'' changed its nomenclature from ''Starship''-class to ''Constitution''-class during the run of ''TOS'' and secondly, the ''Defiant'' belonged to a later batch of ''Constitutions'' (supported by the fact she has the highest registry number of all the definitively established ''Constitutions''). Commissioned somewhere during ''TOS'', she therefore had an unfortunately short career (at least in ''Trek''{{'}}s prime universe).
 
 
<sup>2</sup> There may only be twelve ''Constitution''-class ships as of {{e|Tomorrow is Yesterday}}, but the line this is drawn from ("there are only twelve like it in the fleet") possibly suggests that the ''Enterprise'' should be excluded from the count, meaning there could be thirteen ''Constitution''-class ships as of that date. It also may or may not exclude ships that were no longer in the fleet due to destruction or other reasons. However, ''The Making of Star Trek'' (p.203), clearly states that at the time of the series' production, the intent was that there were only twelve ships, the ''Enterprise'' included. Or, this maybe just a reference to twelve other ships of that type; given that many variants of one ship can exist at the same time.
 
 
After some corresponding with suggestions to and fro, a definitive name list of vessels belonging to the, then still called ''Starship''-class, was agreed upon by the producers (dutifully carried over to the decal sheet of [[AMT]]'s 1968 re-issue USS ''Enterprise'' [[Star Trek model kits|model kit]]), and comprised the following vessels (''[[The Making of Star Trek]]'', pp. 164-165):
 
{|
 
| ''[[D.C. Fontana]]'s<ref>Fontana annotated on her memo,"''Alternates include the names of some famous fighting ships of the past, plus a couple of international variations we might consider, Star Fleet being composed of a united service.''"</ref> proposal<br/>8 August 1967'' || ''[[Bob Justman]]'s<ref> Justman noted in his memo, "''I think there would be several other candidates, such as ''Saratoga'' and perhaps another English carrier, a French carrier, a Russian carrier and certainly a Japanese carrier ''[rem: though the eventually chosen ''{{w|Japanese battleship Kongō|Kongo}}'' was in reality a World War I and II -era Japanese battleship, as were the British {{w|HMS Hood (51)|HSM ''Hood''}} and Russian {{w|Russian battleship Potemkin|''Potemkin''}}.]''. In addition, I think a name ought to be made up that would be of Vulcan origin ''[rem: though not adopted, some of Justman's notion was carried over to having the ''Intrepid'' a crew that was almost entirely comprised of Vulcans].''"</ref>proposal<br/> 9 August 1967'' || ''Definitive list''
 
|-
 
|''Enterprise''||''Enterprise''||''Enterprise''
 
|-
 
|''Exeter''||''Essex''||''Exeter''
 
|-
 
|''Essex''||''Excalibur''||''Excalibur''
 
|-
 
|''Excalibur''||''Lexington''||''Lexington''
 
|-
 
|''Lexington''||''Yorktown''||''Yorktown''
 
|-
 
|''Yorktown''||''Endeavor''||''Potemkin''
 
|-
 
|''Endeavor''||''Eagle''||''Republic''
 
|-
 
|''El Dorado''||''Constellation''||''Hood''
 
|-
 
|''Excelsior''||''Hornet''||''Constitution''
 
|-
 
|''Saratoga''||''Wasp''||''Kongo''
 
|-
 
|''Constellation'' (destroyed in "Doomsday Machine."<br/>Presume she would be replaced by Starfleet)||''Lafayette''||''Constellation''
 
|-
 
|''Hornet''||-||''Farragut''
 
|-
 
|''Wasp''||-||''Valiant''
 
|-
 
|''Farragut'' (mentioned as destroyed in<br/>"Obsession")||-||''Intrepid''
 
|-
 
|''Hood''||-||-
 
|-
 
|''Bonhomme Richard''||-||-
 
|-
 
|''Monitor'' or ''Merrimac'', depending upon<br/>your loyalties||-||-
 
|-
 
|''Tori'' ("bird" in Japanese)
 
|-
 
|''Lafayette''||-||-
 
|-
 
|''Ari'' ("lion" in Hebrew)||-||-
 
|-
 
|''Krieger'' ("warrior" in German)||-||-
 
|}
 
:''remarks:''
 
<references/>
 
Of these fourteen ships, two, the ''Farragut'' and ''Valiant'' were presumed destroyed before the start of the series, corresponding with the remark Kirk made at that point in time, the ''Constellation'' and ''Intrepid'' being destroyed after the remark (the ''Defiant'', not yet being commissioned).
 
 
<sup>3</sup> The ''Star Fleet Technical Manual'' lists the ''Defiant'' as NCC-1717, although it was labeled on screen as NCC-1764.
 
* '''Registry numbers''': Although the ''[[Star Trek Encyclopedia]]'' and other references provide complete registry numbers for many ''Constitution''-class ships, these numbers are at best conjecture. Many of the ''Encyclopedia''{{'}}s numbers were derived from Greg Jein's "[[The Case of Jonathan Doe Starship]]," which assumed that the list seen on the wall at [[Starbase 11]] in {{e|Court Martial}} were all ''Constitution''s. That being said, once [[Star Trek: The Original Series#Remastered|TOS remastered]] came along, [[Michael Okuda]] made use of the opportunity to marry the majority of Jein's conjectural registry numbers to their respective ship names, thereby elevating conjecture to canon.
 
 
<sup>4</sup> '''Uncertain ships''': These ships have been listed in various references as ''Constitution''s, but were never seen on screen as such, and are therefore of uncertain class. There was another factor to consider - in the TOS era, ships that were identified as starships were automatically considered to be of the ''Starship''-class ship, or in later reference works, the ''Constitution''-type starship. This would account for the inclusion of the USS ''Carolina'' in this list, plus the unnamed ships from the Starbase 11 chart. The USS ''Valiant'' and USS ''Kongo'' were from ''The Making of Star Trek''.
 
*The ''Eagle'', ''Korolev'', ''Emden'', ''Endeavour'', and ''Ahwahnee'', with their respective registry numbers, were all derived from the [[Operation Retrieve]] mission charts, seen and unseen in the ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (Special Edition)]]'' [[DVD]], where they were represented by ''Constitution'' class icons. Michael Okuda, who created the mission charts, hinted at the fact they were intended to be of this class,
 
<blockquote>"If I recall correctly, the charts visible on film/video listed only ship names and registry numbers. One can probably glean some class designations from the ship icons in the diagrams. I don't have the original art handy (I think it's archived on Syquest disks, which I don't have the ability to read, even if I could find the disks themselves), but I recall giving the info to [[Bjo Trimble]], and I'm pretty sure she used most of it in her revised ''[[Star Trek Concordance]]''. I might note that some of the ship registry numbers came from Greg Jein's interpretation of the starship chart in Commodore Stone's office in "Shore Leave" (TOS). Other registry numbers came from Franz Joseph's ''Starfleet Technical Manual'' or his Starship blueprints. In still other cases, the ships and/or numbers did not come from either source, but were consistent with some fleet status charts I did elsewhere on the ''Enterprise''-A in ''Star Trek VI''. (In other words, there's something that just about everyone will disagree with, but I also hoped that there would be at least something that almost everyone would agree with.) I should also point out that I prepared several charts for the rescue briefing scene, and that not all of them ended up in the final cut of the film. I don't recall which ones were used, or which ones ended up unseen. I do seem to recall that there was at least one chart that had quite a number of registries - mostly, I recall, from FJ's work - that ended up unused." [http://flare.solareclipse.net/ultimatebb.php/topic/6/2739/3.html]</blockquote>
 
 
<sup>5</sup> '''USS ''Yorktown''''': [[Gene Roddenberry]] suggested that the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701-A|-A}} was first designated as {{USS|Yorktown|23rd century}}, and later recommissioned as USS ''Enterprise''-A, probably because ''Yorktown'' was the original name used in Roddenberry's 1964 [[Star Trek is...|proposal]] pitch to [[NBC]]. Roddenberry felt that it would have been very unlikely that a brand new ship would have been constructed so fast after the destruction of the original ''Enterprise''. (''[[Star Trek Encyclopedia]]'', 3rd edition. p. 572) Had this became canon, the ''Yorktown'' would have been definitively been established as a ''Constitution''-class vessel. It would have also served as a convenient rationale why Scotty had so much trouble getting the ship into operational order in {{film|5}} after the debilitating effects the [[Whale Probe]] inflicted on the ship in the previous outing. The notion of the re-naming was flat-out stated by Michael Okuda as being the case in his ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation Writers' Technical Manual]]''{{'}}s (2nd edition, p. 6), though he has toned it down in his later published reference works. This practice of Starfleet renaming a vessel for a very deserving other vessel was later established in ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'', when the {{USS|Sao Paulo}} was rechristened USS ''Defiant'' as the latter was destroyed in the [[Dominion War]].
 
*On a side note; The World War 2 carrier {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6}}, after which Roddenberry named the NCC-1701, was a sister ship of the USS ''Yorktown'' (CV-5), belonging to the same ''Yorktown''-class (the other one being the USS ''Hornet'' (CV-8), a name also considered by the aforementioned staff in an earlier draft of the names list). (''The Making of Star Trek'', p. 164)
 
 
=== Apocrypha ===
 
==== ''Constitution''-class registry ====
 
Although not considered canon, several sources have produced a long list of ''Constitution''-class starships. The main source was [[Franz Joseph]]'s ''[[Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual|Star Fleet Technical Manual]]'', which listed over 100 ''Constitution''-class ships divided into sub-classes: ''Constitution'', ''Bonhomme Richard'', ''Achernar'' and ''Tikopai''. Ships of the class were later expanded by other publications such as ''[[Ships of the Star Fleet]]'' which included the ''Endeavour'', ''Enterprise'', and ''Enterprise (II)'' sub-classes.
 
 
<div class="appear">
 
*''Constitution''-class ships:
 
** {{USS|Constitution}} (NCC-1700)
 
** {{USS|Constellation|NCC-1017}} (NCC-1017)
 
** {{USS|Republic}} (NCC-1371)
 
** {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701}} (NCC-1701)
 
** {{USS|Farragut|23rd century}} (NCC-1702)
 
** {{USS|Lexington|NCC-1709}} (NCC-1703)
 
** {{USS|Yorktown|23rd century}} (NCC-1704)
 
** {{USS|Excalibur|NCC-1664}} (NCC-1705)
 
** {{USS|Exeter|NCC-1672}} (NCC-1706)
 
** {{USS|Hood|NCC-1703}} (NCC-1707)
 
** {{USS|Intrepid|NCC-1631}} (NCC-1708)
 
** {{USS|Valiant|23rd century}} (NCC-1709)
 
** {{USS|Kongo}} (NCC-1710)
 
** {{USS|Potemkin|NCC-1657}} (NCC-1711)
 
** USS ''Bonhomme Richard'' (NCC-1712)
 
** {{USS|Monitor}} (NCC-1713)
 
** {{USS|Hornet}} (NCC-1714)
 
** {{USS|Merrimac|NCC-1715}} (NCC-1715)
 
** {{USS|Endeavour|NCC-1895}} (NCC-1716)
 
** {{USS|Defiant|NCC-1764}} (NCC-1717)<sup>2</sup>
 
** {{USS|Excelsior}} (NCC-1718)
 
** {{USS|Eagle}} (NCC-1719)
 
** USS ''Lafayette'' (NCC-1720)
 
** USS ''Wasp'' (NCC-1721)
 
** USS ''El Dorado'' (NCC-1722)
 
** USS ''Ari'' (NCC-1723)
 
** USS ''Saratoga'' (NCC-1724)
 
** USS ''Tori'' (NCC-1725)
 
** USS ''Krieger'' (NCC-1726)
 
** {{USS|Essex}} (NCC-1727)
 
** USS ''Truxton'' (NCC-1728)
 
** USS ''Confiance'' (NCC-1729)
 
** USS ''Bunker Hill'' (NCC-1730)
 
** USS ''La Vengeance'' (NCC-1731)
 
** USS ''Achernar'' (NCC-1732)
 
** USS ''Sol'' (NCC-1733)
 
** USS ''Jupiter'' (NCC-1734)
 
** USS ''Rigel Kentaurus'' (NCC-1735)
 
** USS ''Quindar'' (NCC-1736)
 
** USS ''Proxima'' (NCC-1737)
 
** USS ''Androcus'' (NCC-1738)
 
** USS ''Astrad'' (NCC-1739)
 
** USS ''Mondoloy'' (NCC-1740)
 
** USS ''Alfr'' (NCC-1741)
 
** USS ''Thelonii'' (NCC-1742)
 
** USS ''Xanthii'' (NCC-1743)
 
** USS ''Sirius'' (NCC-1744)</div>
 
 
==== Apocrypha appearances ====
 
*The ''Constitution''-class was present in the alternate [[Star Fleet Universe]], where it served as the backbone of Starfleet from its inception in the Y120s to the advent of the General War and the related deployment of the ''Chicago''-class New Heavy Cruiser. In the Star Fleet Universe, the ''Constitution'' design is descended from the ''Republic''-class cruiser, the first in that universe's Federation fleet to possess the saucer and nacelle configuration. (Some of the older ships were refitted into ''Constitution''-class ships over time, while others became part of the Federation National Guard, protecting the major member worlds.) In time, the advent of more advanced technology resurrected the ship design through the ''Vincennes''-class vessels, a parallel evolution to that seen in the change from the TOS-era ''Enterprise'' to the TMP ship design. Notably, a number of the ships referred to in the original series (such as the ''Hood'' and the ''Excalibur'') or listed in the ''Technical Manual'' (such as the ''Kongo'') are expanded upon in the Star Fleet Universe &ndash; but due to the licensing restrictions under which ADB operate, the ''Enterprise'' herself is not detailed, though her registry is included.
 
* A saucer separation has been depicted in the [[DC Comics]] ''[[Star Trek: Debt of Honor]]''. Here Kirk used "explosive bolts" to sever the connection between the saucer module and the engineering section of the USS ''Farragut''. The same trick was used again in the DC Comics ''[[Star Trek: The Mirror Universe Saga]]'', where Kirk and his crew escaped the self-destruction of the ISS ''Enterprise''{{'}}s engineering section in a last-minute separation. Another ''Constitution''-class ship, the USS ''Confederate'', was shown operating without its saucer section in [[Marvel Comics]] ''[[Star Trek Unlimited]]'' Issue 4; after the crew abandoned the [[engineering hull]] via [[saucer separation]] due to a failure in an experimental propulsion system upgrade. In the early drafts of ''Star Trek: The Motion Picture'', the ''Enterprise'' was to separate the saucer. The [[Star Trek: Ships of the Line (2006)|2006 ''Star Trek: Ships of the Line'']] calendar includes a picture of a separated ''Constitution''-class ship, engaging Klingons &ndash; or possibly a Klingon ship flown by the Romulans &ndash; in battle.
 
*''Constitution''-class vessels are prominently featured in [[fan film]] productions like ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Star Trek: Phase II|Star Trek: Phase II]]'', ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Starship Exeter|Starship Exeter]]'', ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Starship Farragut|Starship Farragut]]'', and ''[[w:c:stexpanded:Star Trek: Of Gods and Men|Of Gods and Men]]''.
 
* The refit version of the ''Constitution'' class was still in service in 2409 as a cruiser in the video game ''[[Star Trek Online]]'' (though the [[Star Trek: The Original Series|TOS]] configuration can be purchased into the game as well). The class has also inspired three 24th/25th century successors: the ''Excalibur'', ''Vesper'', and ''Exeter'' classes.
 
 
=== See also ===
 
* [[Constitution class decks|''Constitution''-class decks]]
 
* {{Class|Enterprise}}
 
 
=== External links ===
 
*{{NCwiki||''Constitution''-class}}
 
 
*{{wikipedia||''Constitution''-class}}
 
*{{wikipedia||''Constitution''-class}}
*{{Forgotten Trek|designing-the-first-enterprise|Designing the First ''Enterprise''|external}}: about Matt Jefferies' design of the ''Enterprise'' for ''The Original Series'
+
*{{Forgotten Trek|designing-the-first-enterprise|Designing the First ''Enterprise''|external}} &ndash; article on Matt Jefferies' design of the ''Enterprise'' for ''The Original Series''
 
*{{Datalink|art/1701.html|Designing the Starship ''Enterprise''|external}}
 
*{{Datalink|art/1701.html|Designing the Starship ''Enterprise''|external}}
  +
*{{eas|articles/jefferies.htm|Where are the Jefferies Tubes?|external}}
*{{Forgotten Trek|designing-the-motion-picture-enterprise|Designing The Motion Picture ''Enterprise''|external}}: about the design of the refit ''Enterprise'' for ''The Motion Picture'
 
*{{Datalink|art/1701refit.html|Redesigning the ''Enterprise''|external}}
 
*{{eas|articles/constitution-refit.htm|The ''Enterprise'' Refit of 2271|external}}: analysis of the several modifications performed on the ''Constitution'' class
 
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT|Constitution 01}}

Latest revision as of 18:31, 1 March 2024

Multiple realities
(covers information from several alternate timelines)

For additional meanings of "Constitution class", please see Constitution class.

The Constitution-class was a Federation Starship-class, Class I heavy cruiser that was utilized as the premier front line Starfleet vessels during the mid-23rd century.

They were designed for long duration exploration and patrol missions with minimal outside support and were best known for their celebrated missions of galactic exploration and diplomacy and were capable of operating on five-year mission cycles, with an operating endurance of eighteen years. (Star Trek: The Original Series; Star Trek: The Animated Series; Star Trek: Strange New Worlds; DIS: "Brother" display graphic)

Design

During the mid-23rd century, at least twelve Constitution-class starships were commissioned by Starfleet. (TOS: "Tomorrow is Yesterday") Construction of these starships occurred at Earth's San Francisco Fleet Yards, California, and Luna's Tranquility Base. (TAS: "The Counter-Clock Incident"; ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly"; DIS: "Brother" display graphic) Many of the same unit components for the Constitution-class were also used in the construction of the related Sombra-class. (SNW: "All Those Who Wander")

The Constitution-class was generally designed for the roles of exploration, patrol, and defense. (TOS: "The Cloud Minders") Within Federation space, these vessels were viewed as having the role of protector within the civilian community. (TOS: "Mudd's Women", "The Conscience of the King", "The Trouble with Tribbles")

One of the class' original designers was Larry Marvick, whose work included designing the controls for engineering. (TOS: "Is There in Truth No Beauty?") Doctor Richard Daystrom was responsible for the basic design of the computers used aboard this class. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer") By the 2260s, it was the assertion of Captain James T. Kirk of the USS Enterprise that his chief engineer, Lieutenant Commander Montgomery Scott "knew everything about that ship there is to know. More than the men who designed it." (TOS: "The Apple") Indeed, Scott even once bet Marvick himself that "a bottle of scotch says you can't handle the controls you designed." (TOS: "Is There in Truth No Beauty?")

In order to keep the class up to date and allow their missions of exploration to continue, the Constitution class had the ability to be outfitted with new technology, especially since the ships were sometimes on the front lines without support and needed to hold their own. (SNW: "Strange New Worlds"; TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before", "The Corbomite Maneuver"; Star Trek: The Motion Picture)

History

Launch

Future Enterprise captain, Robert April, was present when the ship's unit components were built. (TAS: "The Counter-Clock Incident") The ship itself was launched April 11, 2245. (DIS: "Brother" display graphic; SNW: "Strange New Worlds" Enterprise dedication plaque) In addition to the Enterprise, the USS Constellation and the USS Cayuga were also launched the same year. (PIC: "The Star Gazer" commemorative plaque, SNW: "Hegemony" display graphic)

During the conception of Star Trek, the producer's original intent was that the "Enterprise-class [sic] starships have been in existence for about forty years," according to the reference book The Making of Star Trek (p. 203). Author Stephen Whitfield, who had full access to production sources and staff (p. 12), wrote the book during the production of season two in 1967, narrowing the class launch window down to the mid-2220s, as the Original Series showrunners had placed their series exactly three-hundred years into the future from the production year of the underlying series season (p. 209).

Early 2250s

During the early 2250s, the Constitution-class starship, USS Enterprise, made first contact with the Talosians on Talos IV. This combined with her numerous other discoveries and achievements made her the Federation flagship. (TOS: "The Cage")

By this point the Constitution-class starships were considered Starfleet's premier vessels, as they were usually on the front lines patrolling Federation space and exploring uncharted areas just within the Federation's borders. (TOS: "The Cage"; DIS: "Will You Take My Hand?")

Around the latter half of 2254, Constitution-class vessels were outfitted with the latest technology. (TOS: "The Cage"; DIS: "Will You Take My Hand?"; SNW: "Spock Amok")

USS Discovery rendezvousing with USS Enterprise

Enterprise rendezvous with the Discovery, 2257

When the Federation-Klingon War started, Constitution-class ships were kept off the front lines, as a unit of last resort. At the time, the USS Defiant was assigned to patrol Sector 006, while the USS Enterprise was ordered to continue its then five-year mission under Captain Christopher Pike. This order took a toll on their crews. During this time, with the ships out away on their five-year missions, it was rare to see a Constitution-class ship at all. (DIS: "Despite Yourself", "Brother")

During the war, the Constitution class was not Starfleet's priority to keep refitted, as Starfleet was focusing on their warships to keep the Klingons from taking Federation space, such as the Crossfield-class and its spore drive. (DIS: "Will You Take My Hand?", "Through the Valley of Shadows")

Aboard the Enterprise at least, new colorful Starfleet uniforms were adopted before some other ships. They were seen in use shortly after the Federation-Klingon War. (DIS: "Brother")

Late 2250s and early 2260s

USS Enterprise, 2259

The USS Enterprise, Constitution-class, circa 2259

Constitution-class starships (along with their Sombra-class counterparts) had retrofitting in 2259, updating the main AI and transporters. (DIS: "Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2"; SNW: "Strange New Worlds")

The Constitution-class starship, the Enterprise was extensively refitted around 2265 in preparation for her first five-year mission under James T. Kirk. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before", "The Ultimate Computer")

USS Enterprise leaving galactic barrier

The unique configuration of the Enterprise in 2265

The USS Enterprise was the second known Federation ship to ever leave the galaxy, but sustained extensive damage in upon coming into contact with the galactic barrier. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before")

Late 2260s

USS New Jersey

The USS New Jersey appearing in the configuration as it appeared during the late 2260s

Following the Enterprise's return to Federation space, the ship was repaired with new equipment that was later used on other Constitution-class starships in 2266. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before", "The Corbomite Maneuver")

The year 2267, however, saw a gathering of the class when a large group was assembled at Starbase 11 for refitting and repairs. (TOS: "Court Martial")

The Constitution-class continued their exploration missions at this time, and the Enterprise went on perhaps the greatest mission to date under the command of James T Kirk, discovering and making contact with many new species. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before", "The Corbomite Maneuver", "Turnabout Intruder"; TAS: "Beyond the Farthest Star")

Despite the successes of the class, exemplified by the performance of the Enterprise, under Captain James T. Kirk, the mission parameters for the Constitution-class also meant that the vessels of the class operated under highly dangerous circumstances, resulting in a relatively high loss rate, and that being assigned to one was hazardous at best. Due to this, in the late 2260s, many Constitution-class vessels were lost. In 2267 for example, the USS Constellation under the command of Commodore Matt Decker fell victim to what has become known as the "doomsday machine" when it was on a routine survey mission near system L-374, and both the ship and crew were lost. (TOS: "The Doomsday Machine") Likewise, and less than a year later in 2268, the Vulcan-manned USS Intrepid was lost with its entire crew in a fatal encounter with a huge simple cellular being in star system Gamma 7A of Sector 39J. (TOS: "The Immunity Syndrome") Later that year, the USS Exeter became infected with an unknown virus, a residue from biological warfare which had raged on Omega IV and which the ship was orbiting, again killing her entire crew, save for its captain, Ronald Tracey. While undamaged, the contaminated ship was for the time being left adrift. (TOS: "The Omega Glory")

In late-2268, the starships Excalibur, Hood, Lexington, and Potemkin all took part in the disastrous testing of the M-5 multitronic unit, which had been placed in control of the Enterprise. The Excalibur was severely damaged, with all hands lost. The Lexington also was brutally assaulted by the M-5 computer when the unit became unstable. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer")

Later that year, the Defiant responded to a distress call from an unexplored sector of space, claimed by the Tholian Assembly. Shortly upon entering the region, the Defiant crew began experiencing sensory distortion, and insanity quickly spread throughout the ship. The ship's surgeon was unable to determine what was happening, and eventually, the insanity induced by the phenomenon led the crew to kill each other. (TOS: "The Tholian Web")

USS Defiant in Tholian drydock, 2155

The Defiant in a Tholian drydock facility

Three weeks later, Starfleet ordered the Enterprise to mount a search mission to locate the Defiant. On stardate 5693.2, the Enterprise located her adrift, lost between universes in a space warp. As a result of a later phaser exchange between the Enterprise and two Tholian ships, a hole was created through the spatial interphase, pushing the Defiant into the mirror universe. (TOS: "The Tholian Web")

2270s refit

In the early 2270s, the Constitution-class underwent a massive refit and redesign which would later be known as the Constitution II-class. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture; PIC: "The Bounty")

Mirror universe

The Defiant emerged in the 22nd century mirror universe, where the Tholians of that universe had created the interphase rift by detonating a tricobalt warhead within the gravity well of a dead star. The Defiant was initially captured by the Tholians, but later taken over by the Terran Empire with control of the ship finally passing to Hoshi Sato. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly", "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II")

USS Defiant Terran

The Defiant as modified by the Terran Empire

In 2256 the USS Discovery became inadvertently trapped in the mirror universe, where its crew discovered that the Defiant had in the meantime undergone substantial modifications while it had been in the service of the Terran Empire. (DIS: "Despite Yourself") Upon her return to the prime universe however, their findings became part of all the intelligence pertaining to the USS Discovery that was sequestered by Starfleet Command as strictly classified after the ship had disappeared yet again in 2258. (DIS: "Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2") It explained why the command crew of the USS Enterprise was not aware of Defiant's fate when it chanced upon her derelict hulk in 2268, shortly before she transited into the mirror universe, also unbeknownst to the Enterprise command crew at the time. (TOS: "The Tholian Web")

In 2267, the ISS Enterprise was a Constitution-class starship of the Imperial Starfleet identical in configuration to the prime Enterprise, as was discovered by her command crew when they too became inadvertently trapped on the mirror universe version of their ship. (TOS: "Mirror, Mirror") They were unaware of the fact that she had been based off the USS Defiant whose transition into the mirror universe they would only witness the following year, although remaining unable to connect the dots.

Legacy

By 2401, the original Constitution-class had been completely phased out, though a few remained as training vessels. At least one Constitution-class starship retaining its original design, the USS New Jersey, was preserved in the Fleet Museum in its late 2260s configuration. (TNG: "Relics"; PIC: "The Bounty")

Technical data

Physical arrangement

Constitution class schematics profile

Profile schematic: bridge, shuttlecraft hangar, secondary hull, main sensor, sensor array t[op]/b[ottom]

Constitution class schematics, NCC-1700

Dorsal schematic: phaser bank p/s, impulse power, space/warp propulsion 2 units, primary hull

The Constitution-class featured the saucer section-engineering section-warp nacelle layout common to most Starfleet vessels. All ship configurations of the class of the appeared to be identical at first glance, but closer inspection revealed minor detail differences on certain vessels. (TOS: "The Cage", "The Ultimate Computer"; etc.)

Various science labs, numbering fourteen in all, (TOS: "Operation -- Annihilate!") were located in the primary hull in the class' configuration in the 2260s. There were at least seven turbolifts that serviced the primary and secondary hulls. (TOS: "The Man Trap") The Constitution-class had at least two briefing rooms, one of which was located on Deck 14. (TOS: "Mudd's Women")

The modular design of the Constitution-class allowed for component separation in times of crisis. If an emergency was confined to the warp engine nacelles, it was theoretically possible to disengage and jettison the secondary hull while keeping the bulk of the vessel's main section intact. Any hull separation was considered a dangerous procedure and not always an option. (TOS: "The Apple", "The Savage Curtain")

Though not an aerodynamic craft, in emergencies, Constitution-class vessels were able to break orbit and enter a class M planet's upper atmosphere (and maintain altitude control while passing through it) for a limited period of time, conditional on the ship's ability to re-achieve escape velocity. (TOS: "Tomorrow is Yesterday"; SNW: "Strange New Worlds")

Propulsion systems

Warp engines

USS Enterprise at warp

The Enterprise at warp

The Constitution-class of starship were lithium, and later dilithium powered warp engines that fueled a matter/antimatter propulsion system over its service lifetime. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before", "Mudd's Women"; DIS: "Brother" display graphic) Altogether this allowed the class to spec a maximum safe cruising speed of warp 6 (or 384c) and an emergency speed of warp 8 (or 512c). (TOS: "Amok Time", "Obsession"; TAS: "One of Our Planets Is Missing"; DIS: "Brother" display graphic)

During the mid-2250s the ship was more than capable of operating nominally at warp 7. (TOS: "The Cage")

The Enterprise infrequently exceeded warp 8; Chief Engineer Scott once confirmed, when asked if the ship could be capable of warp 8, that he could, and offered "maybe a wee bit more," even offering to, "sit on the warp engines myself and nurse them," if needed. (TOS: "That Which Survives") While the Enterprise had once engaged at warp 9 to escape the Romulan Neutral Zone (TOS: "The Enterprise Incident"), doing so was highly discouraged because it was an unsafe velocity, as was noted following when the ship was taken over by the Beta XII-A entity. (TOS: "Day of the Dove")

With further modifications or influences, the Enterprise managed to even push beyond warp 9 on more than one occasion, once following modifications made by Lokai, it exceeded warp 10, and again achieved warp 10 when it was drawn into the creation point. (TOS: "Let That Be Your Last Battlefield"; TAS: "The Magicks of Megas-Tu")

The Enterprise was also twice modified to achieve a speed of warp 11. The first time was when the probe Nomad increased the ship's engine efficiency by 57% in 2267 and allowed the ship to reach warp 11, but Kirk persuaded Nomad to reverse its "repairs" because the ship's structure could not stand the stress of that much power, and it would eventually destroy the ship. (TOS: "The Changeling") The second time followed when more extensive modifications were made to the ship by the Kelvans in 2268, who were able to produce velocities that were far beyond the reach of Federation science, allowing the Enterprise to safely maintain a cruising speed of warp 11 while traveling through the intergalactic void. (TOS: "By Any Other Name")

The maximum warp speed recorded for this class by itself was warp 14.1, achieved by the Enterprise due to sabotage to the vessel's warp drive system. While the ship itself was not structured to take that speed for any length of time, the Enterprise was able to maintain that velocity for nearly fifteen minutes. (TOS: "That Which Survives")

The Enterprise artificially maintained stability at warp 22 while tractored to a ship going warp 32. (TAS: "The Counter-Clock Incident")

If the reserves for the antimatter engine ever dropped of the indicator below two anti-kilos, the engines would no longer regenerate. (TAS: "One of Our Planets Is Missing")

Bussard collectors
Enterprise and Constellation bussard collectors

Bussard collectors

Constitution class Bussard collecting deuterium

Bussard collector collecting deuterium

The Constitution-class was equipped with Bussard collectors at the front of the warp nacelles. The primary purpose of bussard collectors was that they could be used to collect interstellar hydrogen (deuterium) and other particles, however they could also be used to expel these gases as well. Bussard collectors were useful for when these ships passed through a hydrogen rich nebula, as it allowed them to pull in hydrogen which was the primary fuel source for the constitution class starship and their warp cores. (TOS: "The Cage", "Where No Man Has Gone Before", "The Corbomite Maneuver"; DIS: "Context Is for Kings", "Will You Take My Hand?"; SNW: "Strange New Worlds", "Lost in Translation")

Impulse engines

USS Enterprise maintaining impulse thrust

A close-up of the impulse drive assembly in 2266

The main sub light drive on Constitution-class starships was an impulse drive, located at the back of the saucer/primary hull section of the ship and was where fusion exhaust propelled the ship.

A fusion explosion equivalent to at least 97.835 megatons would result if the impulse engines were overloaded in 2267. (TOS: "The Doomsday Machine")

Tactical systems

While the Constitution-class was never meant as a warship, the vessel was adequately well-armed for dealing with various threats. Exercising Federation defense policy and if need be, sustained conflict was built into them. Thus, they carried an array of weapons thus allowing them to hold their own against even dedicated warships of its day. (TOS-R: "Errand of Mercy", et al.)

Directed beam batteries

USS Enterprise firing phasers

USS Enterprise firing her main batteries

USS Enterprise firing phasers in 2259

...and seen firing a single phaser

During the early 2250s, Constitution-class heavy cruisers were armed with a complement of directed energy weapons, that possessed enough power to destroy half a continent in a concentrated bombardment. In addition, these vessels carried on board laser cannons, capable of operating on energy fed remotely from the ship. (TOS: "The Cage", "The Menagerie, Part I", "The Menagerie, Part II")

Laser cannons

From 2254 to 2257, Constitution-class vessels were fitted with laser cannons. These were an upgrade to the phase cannons on previous ships in Starfleet, however the laser cannons were quickly replaced by phaser banks once the technology was developed. (TOS: "The Cage"; DIS: "Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2"; SNW: "Lift Us Where Suffering Cannot Reach"; TOS: "Balance of Terror")

According to the Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology (p. 164), the advanced ship-board laser banks used by Constitution-class starships were upgraded to phaser banks four years after the Enterprise had visited Talos IV in "The Cage".
Main phasers
Phaser Control Room

Phaser control room

With a range of approximately 90,000 kilometers, the Constition's main phasers were targeted via directional beam produced by the navigator or helmsman via a direct line of communication with phaser crews located in the phaser control room. In order to prepare the ship for firing, the main phasers needed to be energized, primed, and brought to full power. (TOS: "The Corbomite Maneuver", "Balance of Terror", "Arena") Phaser tracking controls was also used in phaser operation. (TOS: "The Tholian Web")

Constitution class phaser bank diagram

Diagram of forward phaser bank

These ship mounted phasers were capable of being adjusted to a rate as low as 1/100th power, and like hand phasers were capable of stun, heat, or disintegrate targets, including objects or beings in space or on a planet's surface. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer", "A Piece of the Action") The focus could be adjusted from a narrow to a wide beam. (TOS: "Who Mourns for Adonais?", "Whom Gods Destroy", "The Paradise Syndrome", "A Piece of the Action") Targeting was typically done visually, but could also be accomplished on motion sensors at a loss of accuracy. When only motion sensor readings were available, the ship's phasers could be set for proximity blast or a 100% dispersal pattern. (TOS: "Balance of Terror", "Errand of Mercy")

By 2257, this class of ship had a standard complement of six phaser emitters. (DIS: "Brother" display graphic) This included placements at port, starboard, and mid-ship, among which were two to (up to) four forward phaser banks. (TOS: "Balance of Terror", "The Paradise Syndrome") There were also two banks each on the port and starboard on the dorsal surface of the primary hull. Two banks covered both flanks.(TNG: "Datalore" display graphic)

By the late 2260s, the ship also had aft banks located above and below the shuttlebay on the secondary hull. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II")

Based on dialogue from "The Paradise Syndrome", there were four forward phasers, though the visual effects in that episode depict two phasers firing on each discharge, suggesting a battery of eight forward phaser emitters.
In a scene description from the final draft script of "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II", the aft phaser was said to be "beneath the hangar deck." However, the location of the aft phaser is shown on-screen to be above the hangar deck.

Torpedo systems

USS Enterprise fires photon torpedo

Torpedo launcher in 2267

Constitution-class ships torpedo tubes were located on the underside of the saucer section, and aft mounted capabilities at the end of the secondary hull. (TOS: "Arena"; ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II") This combined arsenal was powerful enough to destroy the entire surface of a planet. (TOS: "A Taste of Armageddon")

The standard complement consisted of two 2 forward torpedo launchers, as well as aft torpedoes. (DIS: "Brother"; ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II")

According to a line of dialogue from TOS: "Journey to Babel", Kirk ordered his crew to "fire photon torpedoes two, four, and six", indicating that the first three torpedoes in the "even" launcher were fired. Further dialogue in scene from TOS: "Elaan of Troyius", in which all tubes were brought to bear, the full spread of torpedoes from the forward tubes consisted of six photon torpedoes, again indicating two tubes capable of rapidly firing three torpedoes at one time.
Dialogue from TAS: "More Tribbles, More Troubles" suggests that the first tube was identified as through the command/reply: "fire one"/"one fired".
Dialogue from "A Taste of Armageddon" states that the Enterprise possessed a complement of at least "a few dozen." According to the apocryphal Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology (p. 164), in the late 2260s configuration the ship carried a total of four hundred photon torpedoes.

Defensive systems

The Constitution-class starship had two types of defensive systems, consisting of deflector screens and shields. The shield shield grid was divided into four segments, referred to as "number one shield", "number two shield", etc. (TOS: "Journey to Babel", "Elaan of Troyius") At full power, with the warp reactor tied into the shield system, it was capable of absorbing and repulsing a bombardment of energy impacts equal to the detonation of 360 photon torpedoes of the type the Enterprise was equipped with at the time, before the shielding power was completely lost. In 2267, for example, the Enterprise survived an attack from the Nomad probe. Nomad fired four powerful bolts of energy, each with the equivalent force of ninety photon torpedoes. The first hit reduced shielding power only by twenty percent. After being hit with the equal force of 270 photon torpedoes, warp maneuvering power was lost. Shields were lost with the fourth hit. (TOS: "The Changeling") A ship was no capable of firing full phasers with its screens up. (TOS: "A Taste of Armageddon")

The deflector shield grid was much more vulnerable to intense standard phaser bombardment. In 2268, an Orion scout ship was able to cause buckling in some of the shields of the Enterprise after it had made just five attack runs on the ship. On the seventh run, the Enterprise lost one of its four shields. (TOS: "Journey to Babel") Other more powerful weaponry could take the shields down even more easily, the planet killer for example could completely deplete a Constitution-class starship's shielding power with only three hits with its antiproton beam. (TOS: "The Doomsday Machine")

The diversion of all but emergency maintenance power to the shields had the adverse effect of reducing phaser power by fifty percent. (TOS: "The Tholian Web") A single detonation of a nuclear warhead less than a hundred meters away could cause internal overloads on the ship and leak radiation through the shields to the outer regions of the ship. (TOS: "Balance of Terror") Without the warp reactor to power the shields, the system was not very effective in protecting the ship. With only the impulse reactors powering the shields, a D7-class Klingon battle cruiser could deplete a Constitution-class starship's shielding power with only few passes of disruptor fire. (TOS: "Elaan of Troyius")

Navigational deflector

USS Enterprise fires deflector beam

The navigational deflector dish

The navigational deflector dish on Constitution-class vessels was mounted at the front of the secondary hull. It was mainly used to deflect/repel debris and other objects.

In 2268 the USS Enterprise used a deflector beam to attempt to shift a large asteroid off course when it threatened the planet Amerind. The attempt failed and caused damage to the ship's power. (TOS: "The Paradise Syndrome")

Stephen E. Whitfield and Gene Roddenberry's The Making of Star Trek (p. 191) stated of the vessel's prominent dish: "The starship's main sensor-deflector (a parabolic sensor and asteroid-deflector) is located at the front end of the secondary hull." In accordance with this, Franz Joseph's Star Trek Blueprints labeled it as the "main sensor and navigational deflector," although Joseph's Star Fleet Technical Manual omitted the latter and referred to it only as the "main sensor." Some Matt Jefferies concept sketches of the ship had earlier included a dome-shaped nosecone "sensor" in place of, or perhaps covering, the dish. (Star Trek: The Original Series Sketchbook, p. 68; The Art of Star Trek, p. 9)

Interior design

The color scheme implemented aboard Constitution-class ships was predominantly red-orange accents alongside dark gray or light gray paneling. These colors were accented with soft white light or multicolored lights installed in floor and wall paneling, and later, in the ceiling. This color scheme was put in and kept from the Constitution-class refit of the mid-2250s to the early 2270s. (Star Trek: The Original Series; ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly", "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II"; DIS: "Brother", "Such Sweet Sorrow", "Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2"; ST: "Q&A", "The Trouble with Edward", "Ask Not"; DS9: "Trials and Tribble-ations")

Main bridge

Overview

USS Enterprise bridge dome

The translucent bridge dome

Located at deck 1 atop of the primary hull, the Constitution's main bridge directly supervised all primary mission operations and coordinated all departmental activities. Due to the age and variety of configurations of the Constitution-class, bridge configurations varied from mission to mission and ship to ship.

Multiple sets were used to represent the bridge of the original Constitution-class. In Star Trek: The Next Generation, a partial set was faithfully recreated for "Relics", a full set was created for "Trials and Tribble-ations", a new set with a slightly altered appearance was built for the two-part "In a Mirror, Darkly" and "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II", and starting with "Such Sweet Sorrow", a completely new set, with updated design, bigger overall diameter, and a blend of touchscreen and classic jelly bean controls was introduced.

Command chair

The command chair was located in the recessed area at the center of the room, where consequently, the captain could be immediately updated on the condition of the vessel or its crew during missions, and orders could be given clearly with a minimum of effort. The chair was mounted on a circular pillar, attached to a rectangular footplate that was directly anchored to the deck. It was designed to swivel on the support so that the captain could turn to any member of the bridge crew.

The command chairs featured three slightly different versions of the same command chair. Most, such as the one on the USS Enterprise, featured a backrest that only reached the mid-back. The 2250s and 2260s version of this chair had a "gooseneck viewer" on the right armrest. (TOS: "The Cage", "Where No Man Has Gone Before") A few, such as that of the USS Lexington, had a full backrest. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer")

The full backrest used for the Lexington helped visually distinguish between the bridges of that ship and the Enterprise. The same full backrest was used on the set re-dress of the bridge for the mirror universe ISS Enterprise in the episode TOS: "Mirror, Mirror".
Captain's chair controls

The captain's chair controls

The command chair also had buttons on either of the arm rests used to operate the command console. The left side contained the button for companel, and the right side contained buttons for manually placing the ship on red or yellow alert, as well as one to jettison pod. (TOS: "Court Martial") The gooseneck viewer was eliminated by 2266, but the other console controls remained. (TOS: "The Corbomite Maneuver")

Bridge stations

The command chair was position was equidistant from all the control consoles that operated specific bridge stations.

Piloting and navigation functions were carried out at the helm console, located in the center of the room, positioned in front of the command chair. This panel consisted of three main sections.

On the left was a compartment which opened automatically to permit operation of the targeting scanner. Next to this was the main control panel, which operated maneuvering thrusters, impulse engines, and fired the ship's weapons. Directly below this panel was a row of eight flip-switches provided to set warp flight speeds.

The central section of the conn panel was fitted with a number of sensor monitor lights and was dominated by two main features: the alert indicator and the astrogator, which was used for long-range course plotting. The navigation console had a control panel for entering the course and heading data and the flight path indicator and supplied information on any deviations or course corrections in progress. It also had controls for the weapons systems.

Constitution class bridge console, 2258

A duotronic-based data-input bridge console

Other stations on the bridge were provided for communications station, engineering station, weapons control, gravity control, damage control, environmental engineering, science and library computer, and internal security. (TOS: "This Side of Paradise", "The Ultimate Computer", et al.) All computer systems aboard the Constitution-class were duotronic-based. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer"; DS9: "Trials and Tribble-ations") During the mid-2260s, these consoles were 203-R compatible. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before")

Additional features

USS Enterprise viewscreen, 2259

The viewscreen aboard the USS Enterprise in 2259

Mounted into the room's forward bulkhead was the main viewscreen. Visual sensor pickups located at various points on the Constitution-class' outer hull were capable of image magnification and allowed a varied choice of viewing angles. (TOS: "The Corbomite Maneuver", "Balance of Terror", et al.)

Automatic bridge defense system

The automatic bridge defense system deployed

In the late 2260s, along with the added turbolift, the bridge design changed from a segmented flat-panel peripheral station configuration to a completely circular design, including curved overhead viewscreens, and railings and steps which matched the arc of the circumference. At the same time, an automatic bridge defense system was also installed atop the ceiling. (TAS: "Beyond the Farthest Star")

According to production designer Matt Jefferies, dramatic necessity required the turbolift to be moved from its planned center-line position (as seen on the Enterprise model). This offset placement allowed characters to walk onto the bridge and enter scenes without being blocked by actors sitting in the command chair.

Main engineering

USS Enterprise Engineering 2259
USS Enterprise main engineering, 2259
Constitution class engineering, 2266 Constitution class engineering, 2268
main engineering, 2266
main engineering, 2268
Constitution class warp core, 2269 Constitution class main engineering dilithium chamber
main engineering, 2269
Dilithium chamber in engineering in 2269

Main engineering was from where the ship's warp was controlled. All thrust and power systems were primarily controlled from this site, and it is also where the main dilithium crystal reactor/warp core was located for most of the ship's life. Life support was controlled separately from Deck 6. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer", "The Corbomite Maneuver", "The Naked Time", "The Enemy Within", "The Conscience of the King", "Day of the Dove")

In 2259, the warp core was located in main engineering. The matter and antimatter were directed down into the reaction chamber where the dilithium crystals were and then the resulting electro-plasma was directed through unseen conduits into the warp conduits on the walls in the back of the engineering room to the warp nacelles. (SNW: "Strange New Worlds", "Ghosts of Illyria")

In 2266, the warp core was moved to a separate room called the dilithium crystal energizer room, where the main warp reaction occurred horizontally. The warp plasma conduits to the nacelles remained in main engineering but were secured being a grate. (TOS: "The Alternative Factor") In 2268, the warp core was moved back to Engineering, with the dilithium crystals and main reaction occurring in a dilithium crystal converter. The matter anti-matter reaction still happened horizontally at this time and was still directed into unseen conduits beneath the engineering deck. In late 2269, a new vertical component of the warp core was added to the dilithium crystal converter. (TAS: "The Terratin Incident")

Transporter rooms

Extravehicular transporter to and from the ship could be accomplished by a number of transporter systems besides the airlocks, which allowed personnel or equipment to be transported over large ranges. The transporter platform featured six small pads, which were numbered clockwise, beginning with the right front. (SNW: "Strange New Worlds", TOS: "The Cage", "Where No Man Has Gone Before") A large section in the middle of the transporter could be used to transport large cargo. (TOS: "Dagger of the Mind")

A door in the standard transporter room wall led to a staging area where landing parties prepared for transporter. (TOS: "The Cage")

The transporter room was also outfitted with a food slot. (TOS: "Tomorrow is Yesterday")

Landing bay and cargo facilities

The aft landing bay provided personnel in small craft with a means of entering or exiting the vessel.

The 2260s configuration of the Constitution-class carried a standard complement of 4 shuttlecraft, some of which were Class F. (TOS: "The Omega Glory")

The class contained at least five cargo holds. (TAS: "Beyond the Farthest Star")

This may have varied per ship, as while the USS Exeter was specifically stated to just have four, the USS Enterprise was seen with one Class F and three other shuttles in its shuttlebay in TAS: "Mudd's Passion". The same ship was also seen to have at least two Class F shuttles earlier in TOS: "The Galileo Seven", so its shuttle configuration may have varied over time as well.

Sickbay

Constitution class sickbay, 2259

Constitution-class sickbay in 2259

Constitution class sickbay, 2270

Biobeds in sickbay

On the Constitution-class starships in the late 2260s, a sickbay facility was located on Deck 6, which featured an examination room, a nursery, the chief medical officer's office and a medical lab. At least one other medical lab was located elsewhere on the vessel, and was used for biopsy, among other things. Sickbay was considered the safest place to be on the ship during combat. (TOS: "The Naked Time", "Elaan of Troyius") Many of the tools used in the Sickbay aboard the USS Enterprise, following her launch, were designed by her first medical officer, Doctor Sarah April, as life aboard required frequent improvisation. (TAS: "The Counter-Clock Incident")

The sickbay set of the pilot episode "Where No Man Has Gone Before" underwent considerable changes following the shooting of the episode for the remainder of the series.

Crew lounge and recreation facilities

The crew/officers lounge on Constitution-class starships offered an officers' lounge, adored by multiple viewpoints and with tables and a seating area.

In the late 2260s, the crew lounge was located at the front of the saucer section, just above the three windows below it. (SNW: "Strange New Worlds")

In the late 2260s, there were at least six recreation rooms, which included three-dimensional chess and card game tables. There was also a holographic rec room, which was the predecessor of the holodeck. Also aboard were an arboretum, galley, gymnasium, a bowling alley, a theater, and a chapel. (TOS: "Charlie X", "The Naked Time", "The Conscience of the King", "Is There in Truth No Beauty?")

Crew quarters

Crew quarters were located throughout the saucer section – keeping with Starfleet tradition, Deck 5 housed the senior officers' quarters.

From the 2250s to at least 2265, officers' quarters on a Constitution-class were larger than in latter half of the 2260s and later due to an increase in a Constitution-class' crew compliment size from 203 to 450. (TOS: "The Cage"; DIS: "Brother", "Such Sweet Sorrow, Part 2"; SNW: "Strange New Worlds", "Children of the Comet", "Spock Amok"; TOS: "The Enemy Within")

In "The Cage", Pike claims to be responsible for 203 lives. In "Brother", set three years later, scans still show 203 crew members, which was explicitly called the vessel's "entire complement." This crew count originated from Gene Roddenberry's original March 1964 Star Trek is... pitch (p. 9), whereas he had revised the number upwards to 430, "approximately one-third of them female", in the 17 April 1967 third draft of the series' "The Writer's Bible", aka The Star Trek Guide (p. 7).
The number of personnel assigned to the ship, as noted in numerous TOS episodes, including "The Ultimate Computer", which was set a decade later, establihsed a crew compliment of 430. This number was later adopted by Franz Joseph for his 1975 Technical Manual, whose "Class I Heavy Cruiser – Constitution Class Starships" specifications in turn became the source a display graphic that was erroneously featured in "Brother", stating the larger crew size found under Kirk's command, specifically a crew compliment of 430 (43 officers, 387 enlisted).

For most of a Constitution-class starship's life, the officers' quarters featured two areas, separated partly by a wall fragment. One area was allocated as sleeping area, featuring a comfortable bed, and another as work area, including a desk and computer terminal. Entrance to a bathroom was provided through the quarter's sleeping area. Both areas could be configured to personal preference. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II"; TOS: "The Enemy Within")

On the original series, several "different" crew quarters were seen, but always the same set was used, changed by different lighting designs and furniture configuration.

Ships commissioned

Certain3
Alternate
Unnamed
Fictional
Uncertain

Appendices

Appearances

The Constitution-class Enterprise appeared in every episode of SNW, TOS, and TAS (except for "The Slaver Weapon"). Episodes featuring other Constitution-class vessels, or the Enterprise for other series, are listed below.

Background information

Name

For information on the origin of the Constitution-class designation, please see Starship-class.

Interiors

Size

USS Enterprise NCC-1701 finalized plan
Jefferies' detailed size plan views he created for AMT
D7-class and Enterprise scale drawings Constitution-D7 class comparisonConstitution-D7 class comparison 2
Jefferies' size comparison graphics production art…
…as featured in "The Enterprise Incident"

The length of the Constitution-class had for over half a century been accepted as being 947 feet (289 meters) long, a figure once propagated across nearly all contemporaneous reference works dealing with the subject, beginning with Stephen Edward Poe's reference book, The Making of Star Trek, p. 178. The origin of the graphic used was designer Matt Jefferies, who had originally produced the graphic in 1967 not for the actual Original Series production, but as a reference for Poe's employer, model kit company Aluminum Metal Toys (AMT) for their 1968 second edition retooled USS Enterprise model kit, No. S951 – where the graphic was displayed on the side of the box. Prior to this, a specific length for the starship had not been solidly defined as producer Gene Roddenberry's memo of 24 August 1964 evidenced, "We anticipate a final design might see the ship as 200 feet in length, and thus even a 1½-inch scale would give us quite a huge miniature." This early estimate, initially accompanied with an intended crew complement of 203, would more or less stand until Jefferies utilized his engineering background to recalculate the figures for his design three years later (The Making of Star Trek, pp. 89, 134).

The first brief onscreen indication of scale occurred when two ship size comparison graphics were featured in the Original Series third season episode "The Enterprise Incident". The two computer console graphics, also created by Jefferies, showed a Constitution-class vessel in comparison with the D7-class, along with a barely discernible yardstick. Careful measurement of the production art using that yardstick produces a figure close to but not entirely congruent with other sources, placing the Constitution-class vessel as depicted here at 900 feet (274 meters). Jefferies later sold this original art, including that created for AMT, in the Profiles in History The Star Trek Auction of 12 December 2001, in order to raise funding for the Motion Picture & Television Fund charity.

With the return of the class to the limelight as redesigned for its Star Trek: Discovery and Star Trek: Strange New Worlds appearances, a new set of specific dimensions were established onscreen in a recurring manner for the first time. Most easily seen during SNW: "Memento Mori", a length of 442 meters (1450 feet), width of 201 meters, and height of 93 meters can be identified on the dedication plaque of the Constitution-class USS Enterprise as it was in 2259. Of the 53% increase from the prior reference material figures, Discovery Production Designer Tamara Deverell said following its debut, "Overall, I think we expanded the length of it to be within the world of our Discovery, which is bigger, so we did cheat it as a larger ship." [2] In the redesign's debut episode "Brother", Deverall intended to leave behind what she called an "Easter egg for the fans" in the form of a USS Discovery bridge display screen which stated the prior reference dimensions of 288.6 meters long, 127.1 meters wide, and 72.6 meters high, taken from Franz Joseph's Star Fleet Technical Manual. A full view establishing shot of the complete graphic on a freestanding bridge monitor screen, featuring these figures, was filmed but eventually trimmed from the episode as aired. However, the graphic remained partially visible on two other Discovery bridge station computer screens; Joann Owosekun's ops station and Paul Stamets' engineering station, [3] legible in the latter case.

USS Cayuga CGI Wireframe

The Constitution-class USS Cayuga

The revised class dimensions continue to be referenced in later appearances, such as in SNW: "All Those Who Wander" on a graphic for the Sombra-class derivative, which used the same space frame as the Constitution. On 12 August 2023, the database graphic appearing in SNW: "Hegemony" for the USS Cayuga was posted with clarity by Motion Graphics Designer Tim Peel on his Twitter account, establishing that Constitution-class ship as being 442 meters long, 192 meters wide and 93 meters high. [4] A length of 442.06 meters for the USS Enterprise was cited within the Eaglemoss Collections reference publications as well.

Ships of the class

After the first season had concluded its run, it dawned upon Original Series producers Robert H. Justman and D.C. Fontana that a need had arisen to keep track of the already mentioned Constitution-class starships for future production reference. After some corresponding with suggestions to and fro, a definitive name list of vessels belonging to the, then still called Starship-class, was agreed upon by the producers (dutifully carried over to the decal sheet of AMT's 1968 re-issue USS Enterprise model kit) at the start of the series' second season, and comprised the following vessels (The Making of Star Trek, pp. 163-165),

D.C. Fontana's[1] proposal 8 August 1967
  • Enterprise
  • Exeter
  • Essex
  • Excalibur
  • Lexington
  • Yorktown
  • Endeavor
  • El Dorado
  • Excelsior
  • Saratoga
  • Constellation (destroyed in "Doomsday Machine." Presume she would be replaced by Starfleet)
  • Hornet
  • Wasp
  • Farragut (mentioned as destroyed in "Obsession")
  • Hood
  • Bonhomme Richard
  • Monitor or Merrimac, depending upon your loyalties
  • Tori ("bird" [note: in Japanese])
  • Lafayette
  • Ari ("lion" [note: in Hebrew])
  • Krieger ("warrior" [note: in German])
Justman's[2] proposal 9 August 1967
  • Enterprise
  • Essex[3]
  • Excalibur
  • Lexington
  • Yorktown
  • Endeavor
  • Eagle[3]
  • Constellation
  • Hornet
  • Wasp
  • Lafayette
Definitive list as utilized at the start of Season 2
  • Enterprise
  • Exeter
  • Excalibur
  • Lexington
  • Yorktown
  • Potemkin
  • Republic
  • Hood
  • Constitution[4]
  • Kongo[4]
  • Constellation
  • Farragut[5]
  • Valiant
  • Intrepid
  1. Aside from the remarks behind several of the names, Fontana further annotated on her memo, "Alternates include the names of some famous fighting ships of the past, plus a couple of international variations we might consider, Star Fleet being composed of a united service."
  2. Justman noted in his memo, "I think there would be several other candidates, such as Saratoga and perhaps another English carrier, a French carrier, a Russian carrier and certainly a Japanese carrier [note: though the ultimately chosen Kongo was in reality a World War I and II -era Japanese battleship, as were the British HMS Hood and Russian Potemkin, whereas, with the exception of the Excalibur and the Endeavor, all other by Justman proposed names were those of World War II aircraft carriers, the Constellation being an at the time recent US post-war carrier]. In addition, I think a name ought to be made up that would be of Vulcan origin [note: though not adopted, some of Justman's notion was carried over to having the Intrepid a crew that was almost entirely composed of Vulcans]."
  3. 3.0 3.1 Remarkably, the vessel nearly made the final cut as it was already referenced to in first script draft dialogue treatment, dated 30 September 1967, page 64, for the second season episode "Journey to Babel", which contained a line having Lieutenant Uhura state, "Starfleet Command confirms alien attack on the other starships, sir. The enemy was defeated. Starships Essex and Eagle suffered heavy damage, but will make base." The reference to the Essex and the Eagle though, was dropped from the episode as aired, indicating that it was not until after September 1967 that the final list was composed. [1] USS Eagle however, resurfaced as a Constitution II-class vessel a quarter of a century later in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, referenced on the "Operation Retrieve" briefing charts, courtesy of Michael Okuda.
  4. 4.0 4.1 The Constitution and Kongo were the only vessels on the final list that have not been referenced to in any form or format in the Original/Animated Series beyond their inclusion on the list and, obviously, besides the class designation itself. However, a "NCC-1700" registry, presumed to be Constitution's as the class vessel by fanon ever since (most conspicuously by Gregory Jein in his influential "The Case of Jonathan Doe Starship" article), had been referenced in the prior episode "Court Martial", but the name/registry combination has never been established in canon.
  5. It was until 2022 generally assumed by both production staff and reference book authors alike (Michael Okuda among them in all editions of his Star Trek Encyclopedia) that Farragut was a class member. That notion became ultimately dispelled in canon in 2022 when the Farragut-type USS Farragut was shown as belonging to an altogether different starship class in the Star Trek: Strange New Worlds first season episode "A Quality of Mercy". Incidentally, after having been featured in later Star Trek live-action productions, the Cayuga, Defiant and New Jersey became subsequent confirmed class additions in canon, as was NCC-1700 for that matter – albeit without a corresponding name in the latter case.

Saucer separation

A saucer separation capability for the Constitution-class was suggested as early as the second season of the Original Series in the original script of its episode "The Apple", but was never produced as no Original Series script has ever actually called for one. The capability was however envisioned by the producers, "Designed to operate separately from the rest of the ship, the saucer therefore contains all elements necessary for independent operation." (The Making of Star Trek, p. 171) The intent made it even into the official series' internal writer's guide, The Star Trek Guide (third revision, page 15 of the supplement and generally dubbed the "Writer's Bible"), where the saucer section was described to be "in fact a completely self-sustaining unit which can detach itself from the galaxy drive units and operate on atomic impulse power for short range solar system exploration." [5]

Retconned design

USS Enterprise profile view, 2254-R

The Constitution-class as it appears in TOS-R "The Cage"

There have been three different renditions of the original design:

The first model, used in the original pilot "The Cage", featured a larger bridge dome and sensor/deflector dish, and spikes on the Bussard collectors, among other minor differences. The second configuration, used in the second pilot, and throughout the rest of the series due to footage being reused, was similar to the first version, with the addition of running lights, additional markings, and a grille pattern on the rear of each engine nacelle.

USS Enterprise (NCC-1701), ENT

The Constitution-class as it appears in TOS-R

The version used for the production of the regular series had a smaller bridge dome, a smaller sensor/deflector dish, and lighting effects in the Bussard collectors, which had their antenna spikes removed. The remastered edition of TOS replaced the anomalous stock shots in later episodes with the proper configuration.

USS Enterprise, 2257

The Constitution-class as it appears in DIS

A new, more radically redesigned model for the Constitution-class USS Enterprise was introduced in "Will You Take My Hand?". After briefly considering a radical departure from previous depictions, the designers of this new model instead aimed "to get as close as possible to the original", yet add "the sleek, unique Discovery look to it." While Discovery used this new model for all "current" depictions of the class, the "previously on" opening sequence of the Discovery episode "If Memory Serves" however, utilized an original shot of the Original Series version (instead of the actual pilot version) for the events of "The Cage" and not the newly redesigned one. A holographic image of the Discovery version of the Enterprise was later featured in the Star Trek: Picard episode "Maps and Legends" as well.

The Enterprise was redesigned for Star Trek: Discovery to look more up to date for a modern television audience. The designers first increased the size of the ship to better match with the Discovery so it wouldn't look too small. The team then began redesigning by drawing ten sketches of the ship to show how the ship could be altered. The final product was an Enterprise that fitted with the new aesthetic of Discovery, but kept close to the original.

The two Star Trek veteran re-designers of the new Enterprise, John Eaves and Scott Schneider, theorized that their new Enterprise could be refitted to become the original, as they had designed the new ship to look less advanced than the TOS series production version from the 1960s. [6]

While the Discovery series itself has shied away from explaining in canon the in-universe visual configuration differences of Enterprise between "The Cage" and the Original Series, an attempt was made to do so in the 2019 officially licensed in-universe reference book Star Trek: The USS Enterprise NCC-1701 & 1701-A Illustrated Handbook, where it followed the reasoning of the two co-redesigners by implying that the upgrades were a temporary measure to meet the crisis situation if the ship was called upon to perform as a "last resort" in the Federation-Klingon War. Page 34 had it stated that "[m]any of the Enterprise's systems had been augmented and enhanced for the mission, to ensure the ship was capable of withstanding any exceptional and extreme conditions in the extreme regions it was exploring," continuing to explain the alterations. Page 54 further implied – rather implausibly, as Kirk's mission was every bit as "exceptional" and "extreme" as Pike's had been – that these alterations were no longer deemed necessary for the subsequent five-year mission under Kirk, and that the ship was therefore returned to the "The Cage"-era configuration, though some upgrades under Pike were "retained", which included the dispensing with of the "spikes" on the Bussard collector caps and the smaller deflector dish.

Shortly before its introduction in the season one closing episode "Will You Take My Hand?" though, Executive Producer Alex Kurtzman implied that, despite the canon appearances of the classic design in both DIS: "Despite Yourself", "If Memory Serves" (albeit as a mirror universe adapted wireframe graphic only in the former case), the redesigned Constitution-class was henceforth the canonnical one and therefore intended as the definitive replacement of Matt Jefferies' classic design

Obviously [Discovery] looks more modern than The Original Series, because we are in a modern world now and if we made the show look that way people would not feel that it was worth the money. That being said, every prop and costume design is filtered through what existed at the time. And do we create the new version of it or do we augment the original design in very subtle ways or do we just leave it alone? And when I say every prop and design choice I mean every [note: "every" emphasized] prop and design choice. So, I think you will see a lot of tips of the hat to devices to The Original Series and the timeline. But, obviously we wanted to create a more modern experience and that necessitated certain adjustments. [7]

Ephraim and the USS Enterprise

Kirk's retconned ship in "Ephraim and Dot"

Pursuant the introduction Production Designer Tamara Deverell has added more specifically, "For the Enterprise, we based it initially off of The Original Series. We were really drawing a lot of our materials from that. And then we particularly went to more of the Star Trek movies, which is a little bit fatter, a little bit bigger. Overall, I think we expanded the length of it to be within the world of our Discovery, which is bigger, so we did cheat it as a larger ship." [8] The showrunner's implied intent had already accrued credence when the redesign appeared as Kirk's Original Series ship in the Star Trek: Short Treks episode "Ephraim and Dot" shortly before its holographic reappearance, for all intent and purposes the first actual retconning of the ship in canon – which, incidentally, was all the more remarkable as the interiors shown in that episode adhered more closely to the ones as seen in The Original Series.

When redesigning the Enterprise for Strange New Worlds, the designers overhauled the windows on the saucer section because at the end of Star Trek: Discovery the front of the saucer section had been destroyed during the battle against Control. The overall majority of the model was kept the same, though the bridge window was reduced in size to not be so big and exposed. [9]

Yet, it were the season three showrunners of Star Trek: Picard, staunch Original Series fans to a man, who rendered moot whatever intentions there might have been, if any, for the classic Original Series Jefferies design, by visually inserting it into the episodes PIC: "The Bounty", "Võx", "The Last Generation" in the guise of USS New Jersey. By doing so, they effectively validated the theory retcon designers Eaves (who had worked in a similar capacity on Picard as well) and Schneider had put forward four years earlier.

Studio models

For further information on both original, and retcon redesign Constitution-class studio models, please see respectively,

Apocrypha

Star Trek blueprints, sheet 1

Joseph's alternatives for the 14 Original Series "Connies"

Although not considered canon, several sources have produced a long list of Constitution-class starships. The main source was Franz Joseph's aforementioned Star Fleet Technical Manual, which listed over one hundred Constitution-class ships divided into subclasses: Constitution, Bonhomme Richard, Achernar, and Tikopai. Ships of the class were later expanded by other publications such as Ships of the Star Fleet which included the Endeavour, Enterprise, and Enterprise (II) subclasses. It should be noted that Joseph incorporated all the ship names the Original Series producers had originally proposed at the start of the second season, and had only these listed in his Star Trek Blueprints companion publication.

Constitution-class vessels are prominently featured in fan film productions like Star Trek: Phase II, Starship Exeter (where the USS Kongo has actually performed a saucer separation in its second episode), Starship Farragut, and Of Gods and Men.

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