The Common Cold is a human illness that has existed since Earth's Middle Ages. Main symptoms include sore throat, coughing, and either a stuffed or runny nose. This illness can be caused by improper protection from adverse weather conditions or from rapid, frequent chances in the environment around the victim.
Doctor McCoy noted that modern medicine was still searching for a cure for the common cold in the 23rd Century. McCoy found a number of promising biological candidates on Omega IV that might lead to a viable cure. (TOS: "The Omega Glory") By the 24th century, the common cold was apparently cured. (TNG: "The Battle")