A biocomputer was an information storage and processing device utilized by Starfleet in the 23rd century, specifically geared towards medical and life sciences tasks.

In 2266, a landing party from the USS Enterprise which had become stranded on the surface of a planet whose population had been devastated by a plague, utilized a biocomputer in combination with a portable electronic microscope in an attempt to analyze and find a cure for the virus, with which they had all been infected. Onboard the Enterprise, Lieutenant John Farrell manned the communications station and relayed information on the the infected's metabolic rate, the degree to which the production of nucleic acids had been reduced, and reduction of the conventional chronological progression, which were then fed into the biocomputer by Mr. Spock. (TOS: "Miri")